Microglia survey brain parenchyma, responding to injury and infections. Microglia also
respond to systemic disease, but the role of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity in this process …

Recent studies have identified the important contribution of glial cells to the plasticity of
neuronal circuits. Resting microglia, the primary immune effector cells in the brain, dynamically …

Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system that play important roles in
brain pathologies. Microglia also help shape neuronal circuits during development, via …

Astrocytes become reactive following various brain insults; however, the functions of reactive
astrocytes are poorly understood. Here, we show that reactive astrocytes function as …

Early in postnatal development, inhibitory inputs to rat lateral superior olive (LSO) neurons
change from releasing predominantly GABA to releasing predominantly glycine into the …

The traditional role of microglia has been in brain infection and disease, phagocytosing debris
and secreting factors to modify disease progression. Recent evidence extends their role …

Loss of pulp due to caries and pulpitis leads to loss of teeth and reduced quality of life. Thus,
there is an unmet need for regeneration of pulp. A promising approach is stem cell therapy. …

Microglial cells were isolated from rat cerebral cortex, and kainate (KA)-induced inward current
was measured at a holding potential of −40 or −60 mV. 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-…

Cell therapy with stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to stimulate
vasculogenesis as a potential treatment for ischemic disease is an exciting area of research in …

After axotomy, application of muscimol, a GABA A receptor agonist, induced an increase in
intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in dorsal motor neurons of the vagus (DMV neurons). …