Cumulative evidence suggests that apoptosis plays a pivotal role in cell death in vitro after
hypoxia. Apoptotic cell death pathways have also been implicated in ischemic cerebral …

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular disease characterized by the
progressive stenosis of large intracranial arteries and a hazy network of basal collaterals …

Moyamoya disease is characterized by a progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the
internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. Although …

Cerebral edema contributes significantly to morbidity and death associated with many
common neurological disorders. However, current treatment options are limited to …

Moyamoya disease (MMD) shows progressive cerebral angiopathy characterized by
bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis and abnormal collateral vessels. Although∼ 15% of …

Background and Purpose—About one half of those who develop adult-onset moyamoya
disease experience intracranial hemorrhage. Despite the extremely high frequency of …

During cerebral ischemia blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a critical event leading to
vasogenic edema and secondary brain injury. Gelatinases A and B are matrix …

Background and Purpose—The objectives of the present study were to estimate an annual
number of patients with moyamoya disease in Japan and to describe the …

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption is thought to play a critical role in the pathophysiology
of ischemia/reperfusion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic …

Oxidative stress generated during stroke is a critical event leading to blood–brain barrier
(BBB) disruption with secondary vasogenic edema and hemorrhagic transformation of …