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Iron and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: From Mechanism to Translation

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Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Currently, there is no effective medical treatment available to improve functional outcomes in patients with ICH due to its unknown mechanisms of damage. Increasing evidence has shown that the metabolic products of erythrocytes are the key contributor of ICH-induced secondary brain injury. Iron, an important metabolic product that accumulates in the brain parenchyma, has a detrimental effect on secondary injury following ICH. Because the damage mechanism of iron during ICH-induced secondary injury is clear, iron removal therapy research on animal models is effective. Although many animal and clinical studies have been conducted, the exact metabolic pathways of iron and the mechanisms of iron removal treatments are still not clear. This review summarizes recent progress concerning the iron metabolism mechanisms underlying ICH-induced injury. We focus on iron, brain iron metabolism, the role of iron in oxidative injury, and iron removal therapy following ICH, and we suggest that further studies focus on brain iron metabolism after ICH and the mechanism for iron removal therapy.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National “973” project of China (no. 2014CB541605).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital & the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Zhengjie No,183; Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China

    Xiao-Yi Xiong & Qing-Wu Yang

  2. Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Jian Wang

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Zhong-Ming Qian

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Correspondence to Qing-Wu Yang.

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Xiong, XY., Wang, J., Qian, ZM. et al. Iron and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: From Mechanism to Translation. Transl. Stroke Res. 5, 429–441 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-013-0317-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-013-0317-7

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