The newly tested methods/technologies for stroke treatment and rehabilitation
| Newly tested methods/technologies | Characteristics and applications | Refs |
| Brain–computer interface | Control movements and external devices via deciphering cortical EEG activity to help regain motor control and fundamental life functions | 108–114 |
| Rehabilitation robots | A combination of devices with actuation, perception, automation and artificial intelligence-based capabilities aimed to assess or improve sensorimotor functions | 119–128 |
| TMS | Non-invasively regulate neuronal activity via magnetic stimulation to promote motor dysfunction, dysphagia, spasm, sensory or motor aphasia, hemineglect, cognitive impairment and depression | 145–149 |
| tES | Promote motor function, poststroke fatigue, aphasia, hemineglect recovery via stimulating specific brain regions through electrodes using specific low-intensity currents. | 150–157 |
| tFUS | Regulate brain function via mechanical biological effects without thermal effects, can act on deep brain tissue | 158–170 |
EEG, electroencephalogram; tES, Transcranial electric stimulation; tFUS, transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation.