Long-term outcomes of patients with an MMS score of 2–5
| Characteristics | Improved (%) | Stable or worsen (%) | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 46 (41.8) | 63 (47.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 64 (58.2) | 71 (53.0) | 1.235 (0.742 to 2.053) | 0.417 | 1.181 (0.640 to 2.180) | 0.594 |
| Age | ||||||
| Children | 15 (13.6) | 12 (9.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Adults | 95 (86.4) | 122 (91.0) | 0.623 (0.278 to 1.393) | 0.249 | 0.756 (0.290 to 1.970) | 0.567 |
| Lesion locations | ||||||
| Cervical | 25 (22.7) | 42 (31.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Thoracic or lumbar | 85 (77.3) | 92 (68.7) | 1.552 (0.872 to 2.762) | 0.135 | 0.869 (0.431 to 1.754) | 0.695 |
| Locations in the horizontal plane | ||||||
| Ventral | 25 (22.9) | 46 (34.3) | 0.569 (0.322 to 1.008) | 0.053 | 0.447 (0.205 to 0.975) | 0.043 |
| Central | 42 (38.5) | 44 (32.8) | 1.282 (0.756 to 2.174) | 0.356 | 0.935 (0.458 to 1.912) | 0.854 |
| Dorsal | 42 (38.5) | 44 (32.8) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Baseline neurological impairment | ||||||
| Mild (MMS scale 2) | 41 (37.3) | 112 (83.6) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Severe (MMS scale 3–5) | 69 (62.7) | 22 (16.4) | 8.568 (4.709 to 15.589) | 0.000 | 7.593 (3.811 to 15.128) | 0.000 |
| Lesion size | ||||||
| ＜10.0 mm | 71 (64.6) | 73 (54.5) | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥10.0 mm | 39 (35.5) | 61 (45.5) | 0.657 (0.392 to 1.103) | 0.112 | 0.544 (0.286 to 1.034) | 0.063 |
| Surgical timing from onset | ||||||
| ≤ 6 weeks | 47 (42.7) | 15 (11.2) | 5.919 (3.069 to 11.412) | 0.000 | 3.216 (1.506 to 6.869) | 0.003 |
| >6 weeks | 63 (57.3) | 119 (88.8) | Reference | Reference | ||
| No of lesions | ||||||
| Single | 102 (92.7) | 122 (91.0) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Multiple | 8 (7.3) | 12 (9.0) | 0.797 (0.314 to 2.026) | 0.634 | 0.494 (0.144 to 1.696) | 0.263 |
MMS, Modified McCormick Scale.