Table 3

Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients with available versus missing functional outcome at 3 months

CharacteristicmRS available (n=8646)mRS missing (n=2703)P value*
Demographics
 Age (years), mean (SD)73.8 (13.1)72.9 (14.1)<0.001
 Female, no. (%)4123 (47.7)1280 (47.4)0.81
 Country, no. (%)<0.001
  Norway5737 (66.4)2112 (78.1)
  Switzerland2909 (33.6)591 (21.9)
Risk factors, no. (%)
 Diabetes1247 (15.0)357 (13.7)0.12
 Atrial fibrillation2116 (25.1)603 (23.2)0.045
Concomitant medication, no. (%)
 Antiplatelets2705 (32.3)792 (29.8)0.017
 Antiplatelets0.059
  None5678 (67.7)1867 (70.2)
  Single2371 (28.3)689 (25.9)
  Dual330 (3.9)100 (3.8)
  Triple4 (0.0)3 (0.1)
 Antihypertensives2896 (48.9)883 (45.6)0.011
 Lipid-lowering drugs1987 (32.4)666 (30.6)0.12
 OACs, no. (%)2098 (24.3)598 (22.1)0.022
OAC status, no. (%)0.071
 No OACs6548 (75.7)2105 (77.9)
 VKAs1163 (13.5)328 (12.1)
 DOACs935 (10.8)270 (10.0)
DOAC type, no. (%)0.015
 None7711 (90.5)2433 (92.2)
 Apixaban349 (4.1)106 (4.0)
 Edoxaban8 (0.1)4 (0.2)
 Rivaroxaban413 (4.8)90 (3.4)
 Dabigatran43 (0.5)6 (0.2)
Medical history, no. (%)
 History of ischaemic stroke1273 (15.0)399 (15.3)0.71
 History of ICH869 (10.2)267 (10.2)0.99
 History of coronary heart disease/myocardial infarction792 (13.3)281 (12.5)0.34
Pre-admission mRS, no. (%)0.17
 No symptoms at all2930 (50.1)1093 (53.0)
 No significant disability1019 (17.4)329 (16.0)
 Slight disability814 (13.9)252 (12.2)
 Moderate disability667 (11.4)241 (11.7)
 Moderately severe disability339 (5.8)120 (5.8)
 Severe disability75 (1.3)27 (1.3)
Clinical presentation on admission
 NIHSS on admission, median (IQR)7.0 (2.0–16.0)6.0 (2.0–13.0)<0.001
 Level of consciousness at admission, no. (%)<0.001
  Alert†5444 (64.1)1825 (68.7)
  Drowsy‡1766 (20.8)598 (22.5)
  Comatose§1289 (15.2)233 (8.8)
Treating hospital level, no. (%)
 Treatment at stroke center¶4043 (46.8)696 (25.7)<0.001
Local management, no. (%)0.17
 Treatment at high-dependency unit**5948 (69.0)1819 (67.6)
  • *Univariate comparison between available mRS and missing mRS.

  • †GCS 13–15 (SSR) or patient is drowsy, responds by light stimulation (NSR).

  • ‡GCS 9–12 (SSR) or patient is drowsy, reacts only with vigorous repetitive stimulation (NSR).

  • §GCS 3–8 (SSR) or patient does not respond, or just with non-targeted movement (NSR).

  • ¶Fully equipped tertiary level of care hospital including neurosurgery.

  • **High-dependency stroke unit/IMC/ICU.

  • DOACs, direct oral anticoagulants; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; ICU, intensive care unit; IMC, intermediate care; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NSR, Norwegian Stroke Registry; OACs, oral anticoagulants; SSR, Swiss Stroke Registry; VKAs, Vitamin K antagonists.