Univariate and multivariate analyses of primary and secondary outcomes
| Outcome | DBS group (n=37) | Conservative group (n=328) | Absolute difference (95% CI) | Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | P value |
| Primary outcome | |||||
| Improvement in consciousness at 1 year, n/total (%) | 12/37 (32.4) | 14/328 (4.3) | 10.75 (4.50–25.64) | 11.90 (3.65–38.46) | <0.001 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||
| Improvement in consciousness at 6 months, n/total (%) | 5/37 (13.5) | 10/328 (3.0) | 4.98 (1.60–15.38) | 4.48 (1.11–18.18) | 0.036 |
| GOS score at 1 year, n/total (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| 1 | 1/37 (0.0) | 0/328 (0.0) | |||
| 2 | 22/37 (59.5) | 284/328 (86.6) | |||
| 3 | 8/37 (21.6) | 39/328 (11.9) | |||
| 4 | 3/37 (8.1) | 5/328 (1.5) | |||
| 5 | 3/37 (8.1) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Emergence from unconsciousness at 1 year, n/total (%) | 14/37 (37.8) | 44/328 (13.4) | 3.92 (1.88–8.20) | 6.62 (2.28–19.23) | 0.001 |
P values <0.05 indicate significant differences.
*Adjusted for patient age, sex, diagnosis, pathogeny and duration of disorders of consciousness (DoCs).
DBS, deep brain stimulation; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Scale.