Baseline characteristics of participants by dementia status
| Characteristics | Non-dementia | Dementia | P value |
| (n=4 27 368) | (n=4711) | ||
| Age (mean, SD) | 56.90 (8.01) | 64.40 (4.69) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 195 622 (45.8) | 2455 (52.1) | <0.001 |
| College/professional certificate (%) | 8383 (2.0) | 29 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| White ethnicity (%) | 402 970 (95.6) | 4454 (96.0) | 0.285 |
| BMI (median, IQR) | 26.86 (24.24–30.06) | 27.18 (24.39–30.55) | <0.001 |
| MET min/wk (median, IQR) | 1764.00 (792.00–3564.00) | 1695.00 (742.00–3572.00) | 0.039 |
| Smoking (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Never smoked | 229 045 (53.9) | 2174 (46.7) | |
| Previous smoked | 149 774 (35.3) | 1990 (42.8) | |
| Current smoker | 46 036 (10.8) | 487 (10.5) | |
| Alcohol intake more than once a week (%) | 293 236 (68.8) | 2836 (60.6) | <0.001 |
| Townsend Deprivation Index at recruitment (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Low | 126 765 (29.7) | 1331 (28.3) | |
| Middle | 84 833 (19.9) | 1160 (24.6) | |
| High | 215 770 (50.5) | 2220 (47.1) | |
| Hypertension (%) | 201 941 (47.3) | 2721 (57.8) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mean, SD) | 140.05 (19.71) | 146.27 (20.64) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mean, SD) | 82.28 (10.69) | 81.73 (10.88) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 23 737 (5.6) | 668 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia (%) | 134 320 (31.4) | 1359 (28.8) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol | 5.69 (1.15) | 5.51 (1.29) | <0.001 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1.44 (0.38) | 1.42 (0.40) | <0.001 |
| History of stroke (%) | 1312 (0.3) | 64 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol-lowering medication (%) | 30 987 (7.3) | 712 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure-lowering medication (%) | 42 847 (10.0) | 790 (16.8) | <0.001 |
| Insulin use (%) | 3047 (0.7) | 115 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| ApoE ε4 (%) | <0.001 | ||
| 0 | 229 045 (53.9) | 2174 (46.7) | |
| 1 | 149 774 (35.3) | 1990 (42.8) | |
| 2 | 46 036 (10.8) | 487 (10.5) | |
| Pacemaker (%) | 1479 (0.3) | 58 (1.2) | <0.001 |
| FGCRS continuous | 13.59 (4.31) | 16.33 (3.38) | <0.001 |
| FGCRS categorical | <0.001 | ||
| Low risk | 129 669 (30.3) | 392 (8.3) | |
| Intermediate risk | 158 660 (37.1) | 1559 (33.1) | |
| High risk | 139 039 (32.5) | 2760 (58.6) |
BMI, body mass index; FGCRS, Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; ApoE ε4, Apolipoprotein E.