Table 2

Patient characteristics and univariate analysis results

Variable	Total (N=520)	Univariate analysis p values
Variable	Total (N=520)	Direct medical cost	Direct nonmedical cost	Indirect cost	Total cost
Basic information
Gender: male	362 (69.6%)	0.051	0.114	0.353	0.031
Age (years old)	61.64 (9.74)	0.046	0.822	p<0.001	0.068
Work status before stroke		0.178	0.387	p<0.001	p<0.001
Working (full-time, part-time, farm work)	170 (32.7%)
Not working (retired, unemployed, stopped farm work)	350 (67.3%)
Insurance: urban employee basic medical insurance	243 (46.7%)	0.73	0.231	p<0.001	0.003
Insurance: urban resident basic medical insurance	125 (24.0%)	0.766	0.746	0.014	0.069
Insurance: rural cooperation medical insurance	117 (22.5%)	0.038	0.239	p<0.001	p<0.001
Family monthly income per capita		0.002	0.037	p<0.001	p<0.001
<3000 CNY	77 (14.8%)
3000–8000 CNY	243 (46.7%)
8001–20 000 CNY	157 (30.2%)
＞20 000 CNY	43 (8.3%)
Education level		0.814	0.519	p<0.001	0.033
College or above	51 (9.8%)
High school	131 (25.2%)
Junior school	180 (34.6%)
Primary school	118 (22.7%)
None	40 (7.7%)
Hypertension	410 (78.8%)	0.486	0.857	0.053	0.287
Pathoglycemia		0.507	0.368	0.227	0.716
Pre-diabetes	14 (2.7%)
Diabetes and classification	158 (30.4%)
Lipid metabolism disorder	176 (33.8%)	0.7	0.22	0.858	0.812
Coronary heart disease	52 (10.0%)	0.195	0.669	0.166	0.499
Atrial fibrillation	31 (6.0%)	0.967	0.24	0.28	0.784
Treatment
Time from onset to arrival (hours)	25.29 (30.96)	0.018	0.961	0.012	0.933
N-Miss	86
Admission NIHSS total score	3.92 (3.77)	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001	p<0.001
Intravenous thrombolysis: rt-PA intravenous thrombolytic	51 (9.8%)	0.011	0.774	0.01	0.459
Endovascular therapy: stent therapy	3 (0.6%)	0.012	0.864	0.614	0.189
Inpatient therapy: medicine	514 (98.8%)	0.449	0.934	0.979	0.771
Antiplatelet therapy	504 (96.9%)	0.26	0.852	0.84	0.43
Lipid-lowering drugs	509 (97.9%)	0.361	0.967	0.54	0.465
Antioxidant treatment	108 (20.8%)	0.743	0.524	p<0.001	0.002
Antihypertensive treatment	300 (57.7%)	0.417	0.835	0.757	0.442
Inpatient therapy: carotid artery stenting	3 (0.6%)	0.002	0.864	0.744	0.15
Inpatient therapy: decompressive craniectomy	0 (0.0%)	/	/	/	/
Length of stay of index event (days)	13.80 (5.77)	p<0.001	0.025	p<0.001	p<0.001
Discharge
Discharge NIHSS total score	2.60 (2.90)	p<0.001	0.026	p<0.001	p<0.001
Whereabouts after discharge		0.041	0.922	0.003	0.082
N-Miss	15
Home	482 (95.4%)
Transferred to other hospitals (grade II)	5 (1.0%)
Transferred to community hospital	2 (0.4%)
Transferred to rehabilitation centre	12 (2.4%)
Other	4 (0.8%)
Discharge medication: antiplatelet agents	489 (94.0%)	0.009	0.359	0.559	0.061
Discharge medication: lipid-lowering drugs	493 (94.8%)	0.02	0.986	0.135	0.042
Discharge medication: antihypertensive therapy	317 (61.0%)	0.494	0.886	0.465	0.380
Discharge medication: antioxidant against lipid peroxidation	6 (1.2%)	0.674	0.831	0.174	0.207
Follow-up
Living conditions during follow-up period		0.426	0.621	0.414	0.255
N-Miss	2
Living alone	25 (4.8%)
Living with others	493 (95.2%)
3-month mRS score		p<0.001	0.004	p<0.001	p<0.001
N-Miss	3
0–2 points	450 (87.0%)
3–5 points	67 (13.0%)
3-month EQ-5D utility	0.88 (0.17)	p<0.001	0.055	p<0.001	p<0.001
N-Miss	2
12-month mRS score		p<0.001	0.003	p<0.001	p<0.001
N-Miss	7
0–2 points	448 (87.3%)
3–5 points	65 (12.7%)
12-month EQ-5D utility	0.89 (0.18)	p<0.001	0.341	0.041	p<0.001
N-Miss	6

EQ-5D, EuroQol 5 Dimension; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.