Characteristics of the study participants
| All participants n=960 | |
| Clinical characteristics | |
| Age, mean±SD, years | 56.02±9.18 |
| Female, n (%) | 616 (64.17%) |
| Body mass index, mean±SD, kg/m2 | 26.55±3.80 |
| SBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 133.63±19.27 |
| DBP, mean±SD, mm Hg | 78.72±10.82 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 210 (22.41%) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 512 (53.39%) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 157 (16.35%) |
| Hyperlipemia, n (%) | 483 (50.31%) |
| MRI markers of CSVD assessment | |
| Lacunes, n (%) | 155 (16.15%) |
| Severe PVS, n (%) | 215 (22.40%) |
| Severe PVS in BG, n (%) | 125 (13.08%) |
| Severe PVS in WM, n (%) | 134 (14.02%) |
| CMBs, n (%) | 99 (10.31%) |
| Strictly lobar MBs,* n (%) | 50 (5.49%) |
| Deep or infratentorial MBs,† n(%) | 49 (5.38%) |
| WMH volume, median (25th and 75th percentiles), mm3 | 0.9 (0.26, 2.90) |
| Numbers of DMVs, mean±SD | 18.86±1.70 |
| Biomarkers of inflammation | |
| hsCRP, median (25th and 75th percentiles), mg/L | 1.21 (0.61, 2.45) |
| IL-6, median (25th and 75th percentiles), pg/mL | 15.84 (14.22, 17.71) |
| TNF-α, median (25th and 75th percentiles), pg/mL | 39.95 (33.19, 46.45) |
| E-selectin, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 25.91 (14.99, 39.86) |
| P-selectin, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 43.41 (35.50, 52.14) |
| ICAM-1, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 294.64 (193.77, 544.98) |
| VCAM-1, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 752.54 (585.54, 1005.20) |
| Lp-PLA2, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 75.43 (57.77, 96.95) |
| YKL-40, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 28.58 (14.48, 59.39) |
| CD40L, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 10.22 (8.41, 12.12) |
| tHCY, median (25th and 75th percentiles), μmol/L | 14.80 (12.40,19.10) |
| MMP-2, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 166.58 (142.92, 189.61) |
| MMP-3, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 9.79 (6.20, 14.94) |
| MMP-9, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 91.12 (62.34, 135.87) |
| OPN, median (25th and 75th percentiles), ng/mL | 19.09 (14.93, 24.78) |
Missing data: body mass index, 24; SBP, 4; DBP, 4; current smoker, 23; hypertension, 1; CMBs in lobar only and any deep, 49; severe PVS in BG or WM, 4; WMH volume, 98; and DMVs, 117.
*CMBs confined to the cortex and subcortical WM.
†CMBs located in deep or infratentorial areas with or without lobar MBs.
BG, basal ganglia; CD40L, CD40 ligand; CMBs, cerebral microbleeds; CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DMVs, deep medullary veins; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1; IL, interleukin; Lp-PLA2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; MMP, matrix metalloproteinases; OPN, osteopontin; PVS, perivascular space; SBP, systolic blood pressure; tHCY, total homocysteine; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; WM, white matter; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; YKL-40, chitinase-3-like-1 protein.