Table 2

Associations between MRI markers and inflammatory biomarkers

	Systemic biomarkers*				Endothelial-related biomarkers†				Media-related biomarkers‡
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2
	R²	P value	R²	P value	R²	P value	R²	P value	R²	P value	R²	P value
WMH volume	0.414	0.094	0.425	0.182	0.424	0.008	0.435	0.015	0.415	0.072	0.428	0.052
Lacunes	0.191	0.052	0.234	0.208	0.213	0.005	0.254	0.027	0.186	0.316	0.232	0.447
CMBs	0.114	0.428	0.120	0.425	0.139	0.055	0.142	0.092	0.120	0.233	0.125	0.233
PVS	0.045	0.504	0.058	0.570	0.044	0.979	0.057	0.996	0.044	0.781	0.056	0.928
DMVs	0.020	0.015	0.032	0.006	0.026	0.047	0.034	0.070	0.014	0.286	0.023	0.254

The number of missing values for model 1 and model 2 is 98 and 121 for WMH volume, 0 and 23 for lacunes, 0 and 23 for CMBs, 0 and 23 for PVS and 117 and 140 for DMVs.
Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex; and model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. For WMH volume and DMVs, the TIV is adjusted additionally.
*Systemic biomarkers include hsCRP, IL-6 and TNF-α.
†Endothelial-related biomarkers include E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CD40L, tHCY, Lp-PLA2 and YKL-40.
‡Media-related biomarkers include MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9 and OPN.
CD40L, CD40 ligand; CMBs, cerebral microbleeds; DMVs, deep medullary veins; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IL-6, interleukin 6; Lp-PLA2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; OPN, osteopontin; PVS, perivascular space; tHCY, total homocysteine; TIV, total intracranial volume; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; YKL-40, chitinase-3-like-1 protein.