Multivariable analysis of factors associated with pneumonia
| Variable | Patients with and without NIHSS scores, N=790 811 | Patients with NIHSS scores, N=633 271 | ||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| DS performed prior to oral intake | 1.47 (1.29 to 1.67) | <0.0001 | 1.65 (1.41 to 1.92) | <0.0001 |
| Swallowing function, normal (reference) | ||||
| Dysphagia | 7.31 (7.15 to 7.46) | <0.0001 | 5.00 (4.88 to 5.13) | <0.0001 |
| Unknown | 1.52 (1.34 to 1.72) | <0.0001 | 1.49 (1.28 to 1.74) | <0.0001 |
| Age (per 10 years) | 1.56 (1.55 to 1.57) | <0.0001 | 1.53 (1.51 to 1.54) | <0.0001 |
| Male (vs female) | 1.15 (1.12 to 1.17) | <0.0001 | 1.20 (1.17 to 1.23) | <0.0001 |
| Arrival by EMS | 1.84 (1.79 to 1.88) | <0.0001 | 1.47 (1.43 to 1.51) | <0.0001 |
| Hospitalised in SUs | 1.17 (1.14 to 1.19) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.10 to 1.15) | <0.0001 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Stroke/TIA | 1.13 (1.11 to 1.15) | <0.0001 | 1.09 (1.06 to 1.11) | <0.0001 |
| CHD/previous MI | 1.26 (1.22 to 1.29) | <0.0001 | 1.20 (1.16 to 1.24) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.68 (1.63 to 1.73) | <0.0001 | 1.39 (1.34 to 1.44) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure | 2.02 (1.91 to 2.15) | <0.0001 | 1.92 (1.80 to 2.05) | <0.0001 |
| Dementia | 1.68 (1.54 to 1.83) | <0.0001 | 1.57 (1.42 to 1.73) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | 1.12 (1.10 to 1.15) | <0.0001 | 1.13 (1.11 to 1.16) | <0.0001 |
| Hospital grade (tertiary vs secondary) | 1.17 (1.15 to 1.19) | <0.0001 | 1.18 (1.15 to 1.20) | <0.0001 |
| Region, Western (reference) | ||||
| Eastern | 0.70 (0.68 to 0.71) | <0.0001 | 0.74 (0.72 to 0.76) | <0.0001 |
| Central | 0.58 (0.57 to 0.60) | <0.0001 | 0.59 (0.58 to 0.61) | <0.0001 |
| Admission NIHSS score (per 1-point increase)* | — | — | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.08) | <0.0001 |
The first column includes all patients; the second column is restricted to patients with admission NIHSS scores.
*Admission NIHSS score not included due to missing data in 157 540 (19.9%) of the patients.
CHD, coronary heart disease; DS, dysphagia screening; EMS, emergency medical services; MI, myocardial infarction; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; SUs, stroke units; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.