One-year prognosis of patients with DWI brain imaging (DWI+) and without (DWI−) stratified with stroke severity
| Outcome | DWI− | DWI+ | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| Events (%) | Events (%) | HR/OR (95% CI) | P value | HR/OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Total (n=12 026) | (n=932) | (n=11 094) | ||||
| Stroke recurrence | 63 (6.76) | 1096 (9.88) | 0.65 (0.51 to 0.84) | 0.0009 | 0.63 (0.49 to 0.82) | 0.0006 |
| New ischaemic stroke | 57 (6.12) | 1011 (9.11) | 0.64 (0.49 to 0.83) | 0.0009 | 0.60 (0.46 to 0.79) | 0.0002 |
| Recurrent haemorrhage stroke | 6 (0.64) | 101 (0.91) | 0.72 (0.32 to 1.64) | 0.4358 | 0.97 (0.41 to 2.27) | 0.9386 |
| Combined vascular event | 69 (7.40) | 1153 (10.39) | 0.68 (0.53 to 0.86) | 0.0017 | 0.72 (0.56 to 0.92) | 0.0096 |
| Death from any cause | 16 (1.72) | 372 (3.35) | 0.47 (0.28 to 0.77) | 0.0028 | 0.60 (0.36 to 0.995) | 0.0480 |
| Poor functional outcome* | 65 (7.19) | 1562 (14.42) | 0.41 (0.32 to 0.54) | <0.0001 | 0.57 (0.43 to 0.76) | <0.0001 |
| NIHSS ≤5 (n=8562) | (n=809) | (n=7753) | ||||
| Stroke recurrence | 51 (6.30) | 716 (9.24) | 0.65 (0.49 to 0.87) | 0.0033 | 0.60 (0.45 to 0.81) | 0.0007 |
| New ischaemic stroke | 46 (5.69) | 667 (8.60) | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.85) | 0.0025 | 0.57 (0.42 to 0.77) | 0.0003 |
| Recurrent haemorrhage stroke | 5 (0.62) | 58 (0.75) | 0.85 (0.34 to 2.11) | 0.7197 | 1.10 (0.42 to 2.87) | 0.8495 |
| Combined vascular event | 57 (7.05) | 750 (9.67) | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.91) | 0.0088 | 0.72 (0.55 to 0.95) | 0.0209 |
| Death from any cause | 9 (1.11) | 167 (2.15) | 0.47 (0.24 to 0.92) | 0.0276 | 0.47 (0.24 to 0.93) | 0.0300 |
| Poor functional outcome* | 46 (5.82) | 609 (8.03) | 0.64 (0.47 to 0.88) | 0.0052 | 0.63 (0.46 to 0.88) | 0.0060 |
| NIHSS >5 (n=3464) | (n=123) | (n=3341) | ||||
| Stroke recurrence | 12 (9.76) | 380 (11.37) | 0.80 (0.45 to 1.42) | 0.4448 | 0.85 (0.47 to 1.52) | 0.5764 |
| New ischaemic stroke | 11 (8.94) | 344 (10.30) | 0.80 (0.44 to 1.47) | 0.4770 | 0.85 (0.46 to 1.56) | 0.5939 |
| Recurrent haemorrhagic stroke | 1 (0.81) | 43 (1.29) | 0.66 (0.09 to 4.81) | 0.6829 | 0.70 (0.09 to 5.24) | 0.7277 |
| Combined vascular event | 12 (9.76) | 403 (12.06) | 0.75 (0.42 to 1.33) | 0.3277 | 0.78 (0.44 to 1.40) | 0.4133 |
| Death from any cause | 7 (5.69) | 205 (6.14) | 0.81 (0.38 to 1.73) | 0.5897 | 1.05 (0.48 to 2.26) | 0.9107 |
| Poor functional outcome* | 19 (16.67) | 953 (29.39) | 0.41 (0.25 to 0.69) | 0.0007 | 0.47 (0.28 to 0.81) | 0.0061 |
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, NIHSS at admission, event-to-enrolment time, medical history of stroke, TIA, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, dyslipidaemia, current smoker, heavy drinker, treated with rt-PA, anticoagulants, antihypertensive agent and TOAST classification.
*Modified Rankin Scale score was missing for 292 patients at 1 year. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the remaining population.
DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; rt-PA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.