Table 1

Description of the study population by change in functional status

	Improved N=232	Did not improve N=1107	P value	Worsened N=101	Did not worsen N=1238	P value
Age: mean, SD	65, 14	66, 13	0.43	69, 13	66, 13	0.01
Admission NIHSS: median, IQR	2, 1–3	3, 1–4	0.51	3, 2–4	3, 1–4	0.13
Stroke mechanism %			0.64			0.04
Cardioembolism	22	23		35	22
Large artery atherosclerosis	16	13		14	14
Small artery occlusion	29	27		19	29
Undetermined	25	29		29	28
Other determined	6	5		4	5
Missing	2	2		0	2
Male %	52	59	0.06	55	58	0.63
Race/ethnicity %			0.19			0.07
White	74	77		71	77
Black	11	13		14	12
Hispanic	8	5		11	5
Insurance %			0.08			0.38
Medicaid	4	6		6	6
Medicare	47	52		58	50
Private	38	35		30	36
Arrival off hours %	53	58	0.25	59	57	0.73
Arrival mode %			0.04			1.00
EMS	47	49		49	49
Private	35	29		31	30
Transfer	13	19		18	18
Other	5	3		3	3
Altered consciousness %	1	3	0.25	5	2	0.08
Weakness %	39	39	0.87	43	38	0.41
Aphasia %	27	28	0.75	32	27	0.33
Tobacco use %	24	19	0.09	18	20	0.62
Previous stroke/TIA %	18	20	0.44	25	20	0.21
CAD/MI %	13	20	0.01	21	19	0.60
Atrial fibrillation %	10	15	0.07	24	13	0.004
Carotid stenosis %	3	3	0.69	2	3	0.76
PVD %	3	2	0.38	2	2	1.00
Heart failure %	3	5	0.40	5	4	0.80
Anticoagulant use %	4	4	0.82	7	4	0.18
Antiplatelet use %	36	42	0.10	45	41	0.43
Hypertension %	63	72	0.01	72	71	0.73
Diabetes %	26	32	0.08	33	31	0.65
Dyslipidaemia %	49	56	0.04	60	55	0.25
Alteplase treatment %	65	60	0.19	51	61	0.04
Endovascular therapy %	4	2	0.16	4	2	0.31
sICH in alteplase-treated patients %	1	<1	0.56	0	1	1.00

CAD, coronary artery disease; EMS, emergency medical services; MI, myocardial infarction; NIHSS, NIH Stroke Scale; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; sICH, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage; TIA, Transient ischemic attack.