Crude HR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P value | IPTW*, weighted HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Primary outcome | ||||||
Other combination | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |||
Aspirin monotherapy | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.22) | 0.8814 | 1.17 (0.93 to 1.47) | 0.1659 | 1.05 (0.76 to 1.44) | 0.7762 |
Clopidogrel–aspirin | 0.88 (0.71 to 1.10) | 0.2741 | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.15) | 0.4543 | 0.82 (0.59 to 1.13) | 0.2211 |
All stroke | ||||||
Other combination | 1 (ref). | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |||
Aspirin monotherapy | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.17) | 0.5574 | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.40) | 0.3730 | 0.98 (0.71 to 1.36) | 0.9126 |
Clopidogrel–aspirin | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.06) | 0.1383 | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.09) | 0.2331 | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) | 0.1127 |
All-cause mortality | ||||||
Other combination | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | |||
Aspirin monotherapy | 2.85 (0.90 to 8.98) | 0.0744 | 3.93 (1.22 to 12.66) | 0.0218 | 10.66 (2.79 to 40.67) | 0.0005 |
Clopidogrel–aspirin | 2.51 (0.79 to 7.98) | 0.1184 | 2.87 (0.89 to 9.23) | 0.0776 | 7.88 (2.06 to 30.16) | 0.0026 |
MI† | ||||||
Other combination | 1 (ref.) | |||||
Aspirin monotherapy | 1.94 (0.10 to 36.13) | 0.6574 | Non-estimable | Non-estimable | ||
Clopidogrel–aspirin | 3.23 (0.18 to 59.18) | 0.4286 | Non-estimable | Non-estimable | ||
Ischaemic stroke | ||||||
Other combination | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | 1(ref.) | |||
Aspirin monotherapy | 0.93 (0.75 to 1.16) | 0.5344 | 1.10 (0.87 to 1.39) | 0.4156 | 0.97 (0.70 to 1.34) | 0.8401 |
Clopidogrel–aspirin | 0.84 (0.67 to 1.05) | 0.1225 | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.09) | 0.2067 | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.05) | 0.0914 |
Haemorrhagic stroke | ||||||
Other combination | 1(ref.) | |||||
Aspirin monotherapy | 0.89 (0.16 to 5.01) | 0.8960 | Non-estimable | Non-estimable | ||
Clopidogrel–aspirin | 1.01 (0.18 to 5.69) | 0.9942 | Non-estimable | Non-estimable |
Adjusted variables: age; male sex; initial NIHSS score; arrival time; TOAST classification; history of TIA, stroke, CAD and PAD; HTN; DM; dyslipidaemia; smoking; atrial fibrillation; prior antiplatelet, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, statin or lipid-lowering agent use; multiple lesions; LASO; discharge medications of antihypertensives, antidiabetics, statins and lipid-lowering agents; creatinine; haemoglobin; platelet count; LDL cholesterol; glucose; and SBP.
*Weighted Cox proportional hazards model with robust standard errors.
†Cox PHs regression using Firth’s penalised maximum likelihood method.
CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; LASO, large artery stenosis/occlusion; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PHs, proportional hazards; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TOAST, Trial of Org 10 172 in Acute Stroke Treatment.