Neuroimaging characteristics of the participants with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS)
| Overall | Participants with MetS | Participants without MetS | P value* | |
| (n = 943) | (n =496) | (n =447) | ||
| Presence of ICAS, n (%) | 123 (13.0) | 88 (17.7) | 35 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| CSVD markers | ||||
| WMH volume, mL, median (IQR) | 0.9 (0.3–2.8) | 1.1 (0.3–2.9) | 0.7 (0.2–2.2) | 0.001 |
| Presence of lacunes, n (%) | 137 (14.5) | 84 (16.9) | 53 (11.9) | 0.03 |
| Presence of CMBs, n (%) | 102 (10.8) | 57 (11.5) | 45 (10.1) | 0.48 |
| EPVS in basal ganglia, n (%) | 0.72 | |||
| Mild | 239 (25.3) | 129 (26.0) | 110 (24.6) | |
| Moderate | 569 (60.3) | 300 (60.5) | 269 (60.2) | |
| Severe | 135 (14.3) | 67 (13.5) | 68 (15.2) | |
| EPVS in white matter, n (%) | 0.52 | |||
| Mild | 346 (36.7) | 174 (35.1) | 172 (38.5) | |
| Moderate | 456 (48.4) | 248 (50.0) | 208 (46.5) | |
| Severe | 141 (15.0) | 74 (14.9) | 67 (15.0) | |
*Differences (p<0.05) between groups were compared using the t-test (for means), Mann-Whitney U test (for medians) and χ2 test (for percentages).
MetS, metabolic syndrome; ICAS, intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis; CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; WMHs, white matter hyperintensities; CMBs, cerebral microbleeds; EPVS, enlarged perivascular spaces.