Cohort description and bivariate analysis
| All (n=247) | 3-month mRS score 0–1 (n=77) | 3-month mRS score 2–6 (n=170) | P value | |
| Sociodemographic features | ||||
| Age, n | 247/247 | 77/77 | 170/170 | 0.36* |
| Mean (SD), years | 63.8 (13.9) | 62.5 (14.2) | 64.3 (13.8) | |
| Median (IQR), years | 68.0 (20.0) | 66.0 (22.0) | 68.5 (18.0) | |
| Sex, n | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 121/247 | 44/77 | 77/170 | 0.084† |
| Comorbidities and risk factors, n | ||||
| Diabetes | 37/242 | 8/76 | 29/166 | 0.16† |
| Hypertension | 137/244 | 35/77 | 102/167 | 0.022† |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 125/220 | 40/72 | 85/148 | 0.79† |
| Renal insufficiency | 11/242 | 1/75 | 10/167 | 0.18‡ |
| History of stroke | 17/241 | 5/77 | 12/164 | 1.00‡ |
| Coronaropathy | 41/233 | 11/76 | 30/160 | 0.38† |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 9/226 | 2/75 | 7/151 | 0.72‡ |
| Current smoking | 53/221 | 12/75 | 41/146 | 0.046† |
| Baseline clinical status | ||||
| NIHSS score, n | 245/247 | 77/77 | 168/170 | |
| Mean (SD), pts | 16.9 (4.3) | 15.6 (4.1) | 17.5 (4.2) | 0.0013* |
| Median (IQR), pts | 17.0 (7.0) | 15.0 (7.0) | 18.0 (7.0) | |
| Blood pressure, n | 244/247 | 77/77 | 167/170 | |
| SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 144 (23) | 144 (22) | 144 (23) | 0.87* |
| DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 79 (16) | 77 (13) | 80 (17) | 0.26* |
| Heart rate, n | 242/247 | 76/77 | 166/170 | |
| Mean (SD), bpm | 75 (17) | 75 (16) | 76 (17) | 0.81* |
| Glycaemia, n | 239/247 | 75/77 | 164/170 | |
| Mean (SD), g/L | 1.24 (0.38) | 1.16 (0.26) | 1.27 (0.42) | 0.0099* |
| Temperature, n | 237/247 | 73/77 | 164/170 | |
| Mean (SD), °C | 36.6 (0.5) | 36.7 (0.6) | 36.6 (0.5) | 0.48* |
| Weight, n | 243/247 | 77/77 | 166/174 | |
| Mean (SD), kg | 75.7 (15.7) | 76.3 (14.4) | 75.4 (16.3) | 0.68* |
| Baseline imaging characteristics | ||||
| Imaging techniques, n | ||||
| CT | 58/247 | 14/77 | 44/170 | 0.19§ |
| MRI | 189/247 | 63/77 | 126/170 | |
| Ischaemic core | ||||
| ASPECTS score, n | 243/247 | 76/77 | 167/170 | |
| Mean (SD), pts | 7.1 (2.3) | 7.8 (1.8) | 6.8 (2.5) | 0.010§ |
| DWI volume, n | 184/189 | 62/63 | 122/126 | |
| Mean (SD), mL | 40.2 (52.7) | 17.0 (16.7) | 52.0 (60.3) | 0.0003§ |
| Median (IQR), mL | 14.8 (44.7) | 10.5 (14.0) | 19.1 (71.8) | |
| Vascular territory of ischaemia, n | ||||
| Superficial and deep MCA territory | 126/237 | 28/75 | 98/162 | 0.0031‡ |
| Superficial MCA | 26/237 | 12/75 | 14/162 | |
| Deep MCA | 78/237 | 33/75 | 45/162 | |
| ACA | 4/237 | 0/75 | 4/162 | |
| Anterior choroid artery | 3/237 | 2/75 | 1/162 | |
| Microvascular leukopathy | ||||
| Fazekas score of DWM, n | ||||
| Absence | 73/183 | 30/61 | 43/122 | 0.24‡ |
| Punctuate foci | 65/183 | 20/61 | 45/122 | |
| Beginning confluence | 29/183 | 6/61 | 23/122 | |
| Large confluent areas | 16/183 | 5/61 | 11/122 | |
| Thrombus | ||||
| Occlusion site, n | ||||
| C1 | 39/240 | 4/76 | 35/164 | 0.0017†¶ |
| M1 | 199/240 | 71/76 | 128/164 | |
| M2 | 2/240 | 1/76 | 1/164 | |
| HMCAS/SVS, n | ||||
| Presence versus absence, n | 176/234 | 55/75 | 121/159 | 0.65† |
| Length, mean (SD), mm | 14.3 (10.7) | 11.3 (8.3) | 15.7 (11.4) | 0.0008§ |
| Clot burden score, mean (SD), pts | 7.0 (1.8) | 7.5 (1.5) | 6.8 (1.9) | 0.0016§ |
| Mismatch | ||||
| ASPECT-FVH score, n | 151/189 | 51/63 | 100/126 | 0.74§ |
| Mean (SD), pts | 3.6 (1.1) | 3.5 (1.0) | 3.6 (1.1) | |
| Median (IQR), pts | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | 4.0 (1.0) | |
| FVH/DWI mismatch | ||||
| Presence versus absence, n | 135/177 | 53/61 | 82/116 | 0.016† |
| Care workflow time | ||||
| Onset-to-Imaging time, n | 242/247 | 76/77 | 166/170 | |
| Mean (SD), min | 116 (43) | 110.6 (50.8) | 119.0 (39.0) | 0.20* |
| Onset-to-thrombolysis time, n | 245/247 | 77/77 | 168/170 | |
| Mean (SD), min | 153 (40) | 142.2 (37.4) | 158.0 (41.0) | 0.0042* |
| MRI-to-thrombolysis time, n | 241/247 | 76/77 | 165/170 | |
| Mean (SD), min | 40 (20) | 39.4 (20.6) | 40.1 (19.4) | 0.81* |
| 24-hour clinical and radiological features | ||||
| NIHSS score, n | 230/247 | 76/77 | 154/170 | |
| Mean (SD), pts | 11.6 (8.2) | 3.7 (3.5) | 15.5 (7.0) | <0.0001§ |
| Median (IQR) | 11.0 (14.0) | 3.0 (6.0) | 16.0 (9.0) | |
| ASPECTS, n | 235/247 | 74/77 | 161/170 | |
| Mean (SD), pts | 5.9 (2.7) | 7.6 (1.6) | 5.1 (2.8) | <0.0001§ |
| Haemorrhagic classification (SITS-MOST), n | ||||
| Absence | 163/236 | 58/74 | 105/162 | 0.27‡ |
| Haemorrhagic infarction 1 | 26/236 | 7/74 | 19/162 | |
| Haemorrhagic infarction 2 | 26/236 | 5/74 | 21/162 | |
| Parenchymal haemorrhage 1 | 11/236 | 3/74 | 8/162 | |
| Parenchymal haemorrhage 2 | 10/236 | 1/74 | 9/162 |
3-month excellent outcome after IVT alone was defined as a mRS score ≤1.
*Statistical analysis was performed with the Student’s t-test.
†χ2 test.
‡Fisher’s exact test.
§Kruskal-Wallis test.
¶Comparison between C1 segment and M1/M2 segment.
ACA, anterior cerebral artery; ASPECT-FVH score (0–6), extent of FLAIR vascular hyperintensities based on ASPECTS territories and without counting insula (higher is better); ASPECTS (0–10), Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT score (higher is better); C1, distal intracranial portion of internal carotid artery; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DWI volume, diffusion-weighted imaging infarct volume; DWM, deep white matter; FVH/DWI mismatch, FLAIR vascular hyperintensities and diffusion-weighted imaging infarct hyperintensity mismatch; HMCAS, hyper-dense middle cerebral artery sign on CT; M1, first segment of the middle cerebral artery; M2, branches downstream of M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS score (0–42), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score; pts, patients; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SITS-MOST, Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke MOnitoring STudY; SVS, susceptibility vessel sign on MRI; clot burden score (0–10): higher is better.