Characteristics of included studies
| Study ID | Country | Sample size, ITT (% male) | Age (intervention) | Age (control) | Intervention | Control |
| Aoki 2019 (ADS)*22 | Japan | 1201 (66%) | 69 (IQR 60–77) | 69 (IQR 61–78) | Cilostazol 200 mg + aspirin 81–200 mg | Aspirin 81–200 mg |
| Blair 2019 (LACI-1)23 | UK | 57 (68%) | Mean of all participants: 66.1 (11.1) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD + aspirin/clopidogrel | Aspirin/clopidogrel | |
| Gotoh 2000 (CSPS)24 | Japan | 1067 (66%) | 65.2 (8.7) | 65.1 (8.8) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD | Placebo |
| Guo 200925 | China | 68 (35%) | 59.44 (10.63) | 62.02 (11.12) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD | Aspirin 100 mg |
| Han 2013 (ECLIPse)26 | Korea | 182 (25%) | 64.63 (9.07) | 65.48 (9.92) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD + aspirin 100 mg | Aspirin 100 mg |
| Huang 2008 (CASISP)27 | China | 719 (69%) | 60.14 (10.05) | 60.31 (9.71) | Cilostazol | Aspirin |
| Johkura 201228 | Japan | 106 (43%) | 76.7 (9.8) | 73.7 (9.4) | Cilostazol 200 mg | Aspirin 100 mg |
| Kim 2018 (PICASSO)29 | South Korea, Hong Kong, Philippines | 1534 (62%) | 65.5 (10.9) | 65.8 (10.7) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD | Aspirin 100 mg |
| Kwon 2005 (TOSS)30 | South Korea | 135 (61%) | 62.28 (10.42) | 62.54 (8.97) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD + aspirin 100 mg | Aspirin 100 mg |
| Kwon 2011 (TOSS-2)31 | 4 East Asian countries | 457 (51%) | 66.42 (11.33) | 64.58 (11.11) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD + aspirin 75–150 mg | Clopidogrel 75 mg + aspirin 75–150 mg |
| Lee 2011 (CAIST)32 | Korea | 458 (61%) | 63 (12) | 63 (12) | Cilostazol 200 mg | Aspirin 300 mg |
| Lee 201733 | Korea | 80 (65%) | 57.4 (12.7) | 59.5 (11.7) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD | Aspirin 100 mg |
| Nakamura 201234 | Japan | 76 (74%) | 66 (12) | 67 (10) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD + aspirin 300 mg | Aspirin 300 mg |
| Ohnuki 201735 | Japan | 24 (71%) | 60.5 (10) | 63.6 (9.1) | Cilostazol 200 mg + aspirin 100 mg | Aspirin 100 mg |
| Shimizu 201336 | Japan | 507 (67%) | 66.2 (9.4) | 66.6 (8.9) | Cilostazol 200 mg + optimal medical treatment | Optimal medical treatment |
| Shinohara 2010 (CSPS 2)37 | Japan | 2716 (72%) | 63.5 (9.2) | 63.4 (9.0) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD | Aspirin 81 mg |
| Toyoda 2019 (CSPS.com)38 | Japan | 1879 (70%) | 69.6 (9.2) | 69.7 (9.2) | Cilostazol 100 mg BD + aspirin 81–100 mg/ clopidogrel 50–75 mg | Aspirin 81–100 mg/ clopidogrel 50–75 mg |
| Uchiyama 2015 (CATHARSIS)39 | Japan | 163 (66%) | 68.3 (range 45–84) | 68.3 (range 50–82) | Cilostazol 200 mg + aspirin 100 mg | Aspirin 100 mg |
All data are in mean (SD) or median (IQR/range).
*After 14 days, both arms were swapped to cilostazol 200 mg until 3 months. Where possible, we analysed data at 14 days instead of 3 months.
ITT, intention to treat.