Comparison of external ventricular drain (EVD) subgroups
| Variable* | Mechanical compression (n=21) | Primary IVH (n=18) | P value |
| Demographics | |||
| Total patients | 21 | 18 | … |
| Male sex | 15 (71.4%) | 12 (66.6%) | 0.748 |
| Age | 60.1±8.5 (47–76) | 54.8±18.1 (24–85) | 0.267 |
| Length of hospital stay, in days | 17.1±16.0 (0.83–56.6) | 21.6±13.7 (0.7–44.9) | 0.358 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale on admission | 7.47±3.4 (3–14) | 7.88±3.73 (3–14) | 0.722 |
| ICH location | … | … | … |
| Basal ganglia versus thalamic | 4 (19.0%) versus 16 (76.2%) | 4 (22.0%) versus 3 (16.6%) | 0.145 |
| Lobar versus thalamic | 1 (4.8%) versus 16 (76.32%) | 11 (52.3%) versus 3 (16.6%) | <0.001 |
| Basal ganglia versus lobar | 4 (19.0%) versus 1 (4.8%) | 4 (22.0%) versus 11 (52.3%) | 0.109 |
| ICH Score | … | ||
| Score 2 versus 0–1 | 7 (33.3%) versus 4 (19.0%) | 8 (44.4%) versus 1 (5.5%) | 0.319 |
| Score 3 versus 0–1 | 8 (38.1%) versus 4 (19.0%) | 8 (44.4%) versus 1 (6.3%) | 0.338 |
| Score 4 versus 0–1 | 2 (9.5%) versus 4 (19.0%) | 1 (6.3%) versus 1 (6.3%) | 0.999 |
| Type of hydrocephalus | … | ||
| Primary mechanical compression | 4 (19.0%) | … | … |
| Mixed mechanical compression | 17 (80.9%) | … | … |
| Primary IVH compression | … | 18 (100%) | … |
| ICH volume, in mm3 | |||
| Average (range) | 42.1±52.4 (3.9–189.8) | 30.6±26.5 (5.2–89.5) | 0.384 |
| ICH volume greater than 30 mm3 | 9 (42.8%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0.999 |
| Modified Rankin Score at Discharge Score 4–6 | 21 (100%) | 14 (77.8%) | 0.037 |
| In-hospital mortality | 9 (42.8%) | 7 (38.9%) | 0.802 |
| Meningitis (+) | 1 (4.8%) | 5 (27.7%) | 0.078 |
| Intraventricular alteplase | 4 (19.0%) | 7 (38.8%) | 0.170 |
| Surgical clot evacuation | 2 (9.5%) | 3 (16.6%) | 0.810 |
| Modified Graeb Score | 11.0±6.9 (0–25) | 15.7±8.0 (1–27) | 0.059 |
| Opening pressure (in mm Hg) | 16.1±8.7 (6–42) | 24.1±23.6 (8–80) | 0.182 |
| EVD length of treatment | |||
| Average (range) | 8.8±6.4 (0.8–21.45) | 7.7±4.4 (0.7–15.4) | 0.556 |
| Length of treatment >7 days | 12 (57.1%) | 10 (55.5%) | 0.999 |
| Days to radiographic opening of third ventricle | 13.2±4.7 (5.9–21.6) | 7.3±4.5 (1.2–17.0) | 0.006 |
| Shunt dependent hydrocephalus | 2 (9.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.490 |
| Withdrawal of care | |||
| Overall rate of withdrawal | 7 (33.3%) | 4 (22.0%) | 0.497 |
| Withdrawal under 7 days | 7 (33.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | 0.024 |
Bold indicate p values <0.05.
*Categorical data are presented as number (%) and continuous data as the mean±standard deviation (range)
ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage.