Natural annualised rupture risk and annualised subsequent rupture risk under different treatment modalities in brainstem AVMs
| Patients with haemorrhagic event | Total haemorrhagic events | Follow-up duration (years) | Annual rate (%) | |
| Natural rupture risk (n=61) | 7 (11.5) | 8 | 109.7 | 7.3 |
| Natural rerupture risk (n=49) | 7 (14.3) | 8 | 89.7 | 8.9 |
| Subsequent rupture | ||||
| Conservative (n=13) | 1 (7.7) | 1 | 65.5 | 1.5 |
| Interventional (n=48) | 7 (14.6) | 8 | 207.4 | 3.9 |
| Microsurgery (n=6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 34.3 | 0.0 |
| Embolisation (n=12) | 3 (25.0) | 4 | 41.4 | 9.7 |
| SRS (n=21) | 3 (14.3) | 3 | 84.8 | 3.5 |
| Embolisation+SRS (n=9) | 1 (11.1) | 1 | 47.0 | 2.1 |
| Partial obliteration (n=23) | 7 (30.4) | 8 | 75.6 | 10.6 |
| Complete obliteration (n=25) | 0 (0.0) | 0 | 120.1 | 0.0 |
Poisson rate test for partial obliteration and complete obliteration or conservative management is significant (p<0.001, p=0.036, respectively). Poisson rate test for partial obliteration and natural rupture risk is not significant (p=0.465). Values are expressed as number of cases (%) or mean±SD, unless otherwise indicated.
AVMs, arteriovenous malformations; SRS, stereotactic radiosurgery.