Table 2

Scores for models and NCCT markers of testing dataset

Sensitivity

SpecificityPositive likelihood ratio*Negative likelihood ratio*AUCP value†
Hypodensities0.77
(0.54 to 0.91)		0.51
(0.37 to 0.64)		0.63
(0.40 to 0.98)		0.18
(0.08 to 0.40)		0.64
(0.53 to 0.75)		0.026
Black hole sign0.36
(0.18 to 0.59)		0.93
(0.82 to 0.98)		2.00
(0.82 to 4.89)		0.27
(0.17 to 0.44)		0.65
(0.54 to 0.75)		0.006
Swirl sign0.86
(0.64 to 0.96)		0.54
(0.41 to 0.68)		0.76
(0.50 to 1.16)		0.1
(0.03 to 0.30)		0.70
(0.61 to 0.80)		0.211
Blend sign0.18
(0.06 to 0.41)		0.84
(0.71 to 0.92)		0.44
(0.18 to 1.08)		0.39
(0.26 to 0.59)		0.51
(0.41 to 0.61)		<0.001
Fluid level0.23
(0.09 to 0.46)		0.93
(0.82 to 0.98)		1.25
(0.49 to 3.19)		0.33
(0.22 to 0.51)		0.58
(0.48 to 0.67)		0.002
Irregular shape0.73
(0.50 to 0.88)		0.38
(0.261 to 0.52)		0.47
(0.30 to 0.74)		0.29
(0.14 to 0.59)		0.55
(0.44 to 0.67)		0.002
Heterogeneous density0.73
(0.50 to 0.88)		0.67
(0.53 to 0.79)		0.89
(0.55 to 1.43)		0.16
(0.08 to 0.34)		0.70
(0.59 to 0.81)		0.141
Haematoma Volume0.50
(0.29to 0.71)		0.84
(0.71 to 0.92)		1.22
(0.65 to 2.29)		0.24
(0.14 to 0.41)		0.62
(0.46 to 0.78)		0.042
BAT score0.36
(0.18to 0.59)		0.76
(0.62 to 0.86)		0.61
(0.32 to 1.17)		0.33
(0.21 to 0.53)		0.65
(0.53 to 0.78)		0.042
CNN0.91
(0.69to 0.98)		0.58
(0.44 to 0.71)		0.87
(0.57 to 1.33)		0.06
(0.02 to 0.24)		0.80
(0.70 to 0.90)		N/A

  • *Positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were weighted by prevalence.

  • †AUC of CNN model was compared with AUC of the other models and NCCT signs using Delong test.

  • AUC, receiver operator characteristic area under the curve; CNN, convolutional neural network; N/A, not applicable; NCCT, non-contrast CT.