Ambulatory SBP parameters of the participants by profile groups
| Variable | All n=1996 | Group 1 n=781 | Group 2 n=611 | Group 3 n=604 | P value |
| Mean 24-hour SBP, mm Hg | 142.0±18.3 | 142.2±18.0 | 140.1±18.9* | 143.7±17.8 | <0.001 |
| Daytime SBP, mm Hg | 143.3±18.3 | 145.1±18.1 | 141.5±19.0* | 142.7±17.7* | <0.001 |
| Night-time SBP, mm Hg | 137.7±20.6 | 132.0±18.8 | 135.3±19.8* | 147.2±20.3* | <0.001 |
| Morning SBP, mm Hg | 143.6±21.0 | 138.7±20.0 | 148.2±22.2* | 145.5±19.7* | <0.001 |
| Trough SBP, mm Hg | 116.2±20.1 | 110.9±18.1 | 113.6±20.0* | 125.7±19.7* | <0.001 |
| ST-MS, mm Hg | 27.6±16.6 | 28.1±14.9 | 34.8±17.3* | 19.9±14.5* | <0.001 |
| 24-hours SBP variability | 10.9±2.9 | 11.4±3.0 | 10.7±2.8 | 10.4±4.5 | <0.001 |
| Dipping patterns, n (%) | * | * | <0.001 | ||
| Dippers | 366 (18.6) | 277 (35.9) | 84 (14.0) | 5 (0.8) | |
| Extreme dippers | 31 (1.6) | 28 (3.6) | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Non-dippers | 1028 (52.1) | 441 (57.2) | 401 (66.9) | 186 (30.9) | |
| Reverse dippers | 547 (27.7) | 25 (3.2) | 112 (18.7) | 410 (68.1) | |
| Stroke recurrence, n (%) | 80 (4.0) | 23 (2.9) | 24 (3.9) | 33 (5.5)† | 0.06 |
*P<0.01 compared with group 1.
†P<0.05.
MS, morning surge; SBP, systolic blood pressure; ST-MS, sleep-trough morning surge.