Risk factors of END determined by univariable analysis
| Variable | END | P value | |
| With (n=20) | Without (n=41) | ||
| Age* (year) | 63.0 (11.1) | 62.2 (13.4) | 0.818 |
| Men† (n, %) | 18 (90.0) | 33 (80.5) | 0.346 |
| Hypertension† (n, %) | 15 (75.0) | 22 (53.7) | 0.109 |
| Diabetes† (n, %) | 6 (30.0) | 9 (22.0) | 0.493 |
| Smokers/ex-smokers† (n, %) | 10 (50.0) | 18 (43.9) | 0.654 |
| Atrial fibrillation‡ (n, %) | 5 (25.0) | 10 (24.4) | 1.000 |
| Previous stroke† (n, %) | 5 (25.0) | 6 (14.6) | 0.323 |
| OTT* (minutes) | 221.6 (46.8) | 194.7 (55.9) | 0.048 |
| NIHSS score on admission§ | 7.5 (5–11) | 10 (5.5–15.5) | 0.100 |
| SBP on admission* (mm Hg) | 151.8 (19.5) | 150.0 (24.5) | 0.769 |
| DBP on admission* (mm Hg) | 92.6 (17.4) | 87.7 (16.7) | 0.301 |
| NLR§ | 2.7 (1.7–7.5) | 2.4 (1.7–4.5) | 0.484 |
| BG on admission* (mmol/L) | 7.3 (2.7) | 6.3 (1.1) | 0.041 |
| Homocysteine* (mmol/L) | 15.7 (9.1) | 13.8 (5.5) | 0.305 |
| DWI-ASPECT score§ | 6.0 (5.0–7.5) | 7.0 (5.5–8.0) | 0.211 |
| MHVs† (n, %) | 0.003 | ||
| None | 4 (20.0) | 22 (53.7) | |
| Subtle | 2 (10.0) | 6 (14.6) | |
| Moderate | 11 (55.0) | 12 (29.3) | |
| Extensive‡ | 3 (15.0) | 1 (2.4) | |
| SVD‡ | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0.747 |
*Mean (SD), t-test.
†n(%), X2 test.
‡Fisher’s exact test.
§Median (IQR), Mann-Whitney U test.
ASPECT, Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score; BG, blood glucose; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; END, early neurological deterioration; MHVs, multiple hypointense vessels; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; OTT, onset to treatment time; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SVD, small vessel burden.