Baseline characteristics of all patients with TIA and stroke, and stratified according to the presence of CKD
| Characteristics* | All patients n=1297 | No CKD n=607 | CKD n=684 | P value† | Age-adjusted p value |
| Age years, median (IQR) | 75.2 (65.2–83.2) | 67.3 (58.5–77.5) | 80.3 (72.7–85.2) | <0.001 | N/A |
| Male sex | 620 (47.8) | 343 (56.5) | 276 (40.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Days to sample, median (IQR) | 5 (3–12) | 5 (3–11) | 5 (2–12) | 0.69 | 0.44 |
| Hypertension | 766 (59.1) | 307 (50.9) | 456 (67) | <0.001 | 0.007 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 157 (12.1) | 62 (10.3) | 94 (13.8) | 0.07 | 0.002 |
| Previous history of stroke | 168 (13.1) | 66 (10.9) | 102 (15) | 0.04 | 0.64 |
| Previous history of MI | 128 (10) | 31 (5.1) | 97 (14.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Previous history of PAD | 104 (8.1) | 24 (4) | 80 (11.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 226 (17.6) | 70 (11.6) | 156 (22.9) | <0.001 | 0.03 |
| Current smoker | 206 (16) | 137 (22.7) | 69 (10.1) | <0.001 | 0.16 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 412 (32.1) | 175 (13.6) | 237 (18.5) | 0.03 | 0.001 |
| Previous antiplatelet therapy | 513 (40) | 185 (30.6) | 328 (48.3) | <0.001 | 0.01 |
| Previous antihypertensive therapy | 750 (58.5) | 278 (46) | 472 (69.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Previous statin therapy | 312 (24.3) | 108 (17.9) | 204 (30) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| NIHSS index event, median (IQR) | 1 (0–4) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–4) | 0.35 | <0.001 |
| Cause of stroke | <0.001 | 0.20 | |||
| Cardioembolism | 258 (20.1) | 88 (14.6) | 170 (25) | ||
| Large artery | 143 (11.1) | 57 (9.5) | 86 (12.6) | ||
| Small artery | 194 (15.1) | 107 (17.7) | 87 (12.8) | ||
| Undetermined cause | 477 (37.1) | 243 (40.3) | 234 (34.4) | ||
| Unknown | 86 (6.7) | 35 (5.8) | 51 (7.5) | ||
| Multiple | 25 (1.9) | 8 (1.3) | 17 (2.5) | ||
| Other | 32 (2.5) | 23 (3.8) | 9 (1.3) | ||
| PICH | 47 (3.7) | 27 (4.5) | 20 (2.9) | ||
| SAH | 22 (1.7) | 15 (2.5) | 7 (1) |
*Numbers are n (%) unless otherwise stated.
†P values are from χ2 tests or Mann-Whitney U tests, as appropriate. Logistic/linear regression was used to adjust for age.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; MI, myocardial infarction; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PICH, primary intracranial haemorrhage; SAH, subarachnoid haemorrhage; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.