Table 1

Classification of dAVFs: Borden versus Cognard

Natural courseBorden classificationCognard classification
TypeVenous drainage siteCVRTypeVenous drainage siteFlow pattern in sinusCVR
BenignIDural sinusNoIDural sinusAntegradeNo
BenignIIaDural sinusRetrogradeNo
AggressiveIIDural sinusYesIIbDural sinusAntegradeYes
AggressiveIIa+bDural sinusRetrogradeYes
AggressiveIIICortical veinYesIIICortical veinYes without venous ectasia
AggressiveIVCortical veinYes with venous ectasia
AggressiveVCortical vein with spinal medullary drainageYes
  • CVR, cortical venous reflux; dAVF, dural arteriovenous fistula.