Multivariate model 1 | Multivariate model 2 | |||||
β or OR* | 95% CI | P value | β or OR* | 95% CI | P value | |
Carotid morphology | ||||||
Mean lumen area, mm2 | 6.21 | −0.03 to 12.45 | 0.051 | – | – | – |
Mean wall area, mm2 | 6.72 | 2.28 to 11.17 | 0.003 | – | – | – |
Mean total vessel area, mm2 | 12.94 | 5.24 to 21.51 | 0.001 | – | – | – |
Mean wall thickness, mm | 0.14 | −0.02 to 0.29 | 0.076 | – | – | – |
Mean normalised wall index, % | 1.28 | −2.46 to 5.01 | 0.499 | – | – | – |
Presence of plaque components | ||||||
Calcification | 1.15 | 0.48 to 2.79 | 0.754 | 1.02 | 0.35 to 2.92 | 0.977 |
Lipid-rich necrotic core | 1.54 | 0.64 to 3.70 | 0.331 | 1.10 | 0.37 to 3.30 | 0.861 |
Model 1 adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, history of smoking and diabetes. Model 2 further adjusting for the factors in model 1 and mean normalised wall index.
*Values are the difference in plaque measurements between northern and southern subjects using the linear regression slope (β) for continuous measurements (plaque morphology) or the logistic regression OR for binary measurements (presence of plaque components).