Patient characteristics, stratified by ICU stay or surgical intervention
| Overall n=2008 | Received ICU stay or surgical intervention n=887 | No ICU stay or surgical intervention n=1121 | P value | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 72.5 (13) | 70.7 (13.4) | 74.0 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| Female (%) | 46.1 | 43.4 | 48.2 | 0.033 |
| Race (%) | ||||
| White | 87.0 | 83.9 | 89.3 | <0.001 |
| Black | 6.3 | 7.2 | 5.6 | |
| Asian | 5.8 | 7.5 | 4.4 | |
| Other | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| American Indian/Alaskan native | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
| >1 race | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| Hispanic/Latino (%) | 6.1 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 0.249 |
| Warfarin (%) | 21.3 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 0.768 |
| DOAC (%) | ||||
| None | 99.5 | 99.0 | 99.9 | 0.003 |
| Dabigatran | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | |
| Rivaroxaban | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | |
| Apixaban | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | |
| Other | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | |
| History of ischaemic stroke (%) | 15.0 | 16.3 | 14.0 | 0.154 |
| History of ICH (%) | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 0.901 |
| GCS, mean (SD) | 11.1 (4.6) | 10.4 (4.8) | 11.7 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Cerebellar location (%) | 7.4 | 10.4 | 5.1 | <0.001 |
| ICH volume (mL), mean (SD) | 32.4 (38.0) | 33.8 (36.5) | 31.3 (39.1) | 0.142 |
| Intraventricular haemorrhage (%) | 50.10% | 58.60% | 43.40% | <0.001 |
| ICH score (%) | ||||
| 0 | 20.3 | 13.4 | 25.7 | <0.001 |
| 1 | 26.2 | 24.6 | 27.5 | |
| 2 | 21.7 | 25.7 | 18.5 | |
| 3 | 17.2 | 21.3 | 14.0 | |
| 4 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 11.4 | |
| 5 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.7 | |
| 6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | |
| EVD (%) | 14.5 | 32.6 | 0.0 | <0.001 |
| Haematoma evacuation (%) | 6.5 | 14.7 | 0.0 | <0.001 |
| Total LOS, mean days (SD) | 8.7 (10.2) | 11.1 (10.7) | 6.9 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| ICU LOS, mean days (SD) | 1.6 (3.7) | 3.6 (4.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Discharge GOS (%) | ||||
| 1 | 34.4 | 34.6 | 34.2 | <0.001 |
| 2 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.9 | |
| 3 | 44.4 | 52.0 | 38.0 | |
| 4 | 14.3 | 8.9 | 19.0 | |
| 5 | 5.7 | 3.0 | 7.9 | |
| 30-day mortality (%) | 33.9 | 34.8 | 33.1 | 0.413 |
DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; EVD, external ventricular drain; GCS, Glasgow coma score; GOS, Glasgow outcome score; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay.