Comparison of admission and clinical variables in men and women with AIS
| Variable | Women (N=79) | Men (N=105) | P values |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 68.5 (16.3) | 68.1 (14.0) | 0.55 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Anticoagulant use | 10 (12.7) | 19 (18.1) | 0.43 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 29 (36.7) | 21 (20.0) | 0.02 |
| Coronary artery disease | 15 (19.0) | 29 (27.6) | 0.24 |
| Diabetes | 13 (16.5) | 25 (23.8) | 0.30 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 27 (34.2) | 55 (52.4) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 52 (65.8) | 77 (73.3) | 0.35 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 18 (22.8) | 26 (24.8) | 0.89 |
| CCS subtype classification, n (%) | |||
| Cardioembolic | 48 (60.8) | 46 (43.8) | 0.03 |
| Large artery | 6 (7.6) | 33 (31.4) | < 0.001 |
| Small vessel | 4 (5.1) | 5 (4.8) | 1 |
| Other/Undetermined | 21 (26.6) | 20 (19.0) | 0.30 |
| Clinical variables | |||
| Admission NIHSS, median (IQR) | 6 (3,12) | 5 (2, 11) | 0.05 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 27.8 (6.5) | 28.3 (5.5) | 0.52 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 148 (136–173) | 158 (140–174) | 0.14 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 84 (72–92) | 84 (76–89) | 0.83 |
| MMP-2 level, ng/mL, median (IQR) | 304.6 (242.7–372.1) | 301.7 (237.8–369.7) | 0.80 |
| IV alteplase treatment, n (%) | 30 (38.0) | 35 (33.3) | 0.62 |
| Radiographic variables | |||
| Haemorrhagic transformation, n (%) | 16 (27.1) | 24 (22.9) | 0.79 |
| Parenchymal haematoma, n (%) | 5 (5.9) | 11 (11.1) | 0.46 |
| WMHv, cm3, median (IQR) | 2.0 (0.8–5.5) | 1.7 (0.9–3.8) | 0.55 |
| DWIv, cm3, median (IQR) | 6.9 (1.2–30.2) | 7.5 (1.7–21.9) | 0.76 |
| MTTv, cm3, median (IQR) | 32.1 (5.3–81.0) | 23.5 (5.8–78.2) | 0.92 |
| ADC (×10-6) NAWM, mm2/s, mean (SD) | 804.0 (69.2) | 791.9 (48.7) | 0.19 |
| K 2 coefficient (×10-6) NAWM, /s, mean (SD) | 1027.4 (1192.9) | 692.7 (2460.9) | 0.006 |
| NAWM mask volume, cm3, median (IQR) | 44.0 (35.4–51.5) | 53.4 (43.5–63.1) | < 0.001 |
| Time from last seen well to MRI, min, median (IQR) | 346 (256–438) | 345.5 (250.8–437.8) | 0.90 |
| Functional outcomes | |||
| 90-day good outcome (mRS <2), n (%) | 29 (46.8) | 55 (58.5) | 0.20 |
Bold values indicate P value < 0.05.
ADC, apparent diffusion coefficient; AIS, acute ischaemic stroke; CCS, causative classification system; DWIv, diffusion-weighted imaging volume; IQR, interquartile range; IV, intravenous; MMP, matrix metalloproteinaise; MTTv, mean transit time volume; NAWM, normal-appearing white matter; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TIA, transient ischemic attack; WMHv, white matter hyperintensity volume.