Characteristics of the study population
| No atrophy (n=471) | CA (n=265) | CA+MTA (n=83) | P value | |
| Age, mean±SD | 67.7±5.5 | 72.2±6.1 | 74.9±6.5 | <0.001 |
| Education | 0.019 | |||
| ≤6 years, n (%) | 278 (59.0) | 177 (66.8) | 60 (72.3) | |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||
| Female, n (%) | 274 (58.2) | 127 (47.9) | 25 (30.1) | |
| Race | 0.045 | |||
| Chinese, n (%) | 157 (33.3) | 85 (32.1) | 34 (41.0) | |
| Malay, n (%) | 155 (32.9) | 84 (31.7) | 34 (41.0) | |
| Indian, n (%) | 159 (33.8) | 96 (36.2) | 15 (18.1) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 354 (75.2) | 229 (86.4) | 76 (91.6) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 356 (75.6) | 198 (74.7) | 61 (73.5) | NS |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 154 (32.7) | 113 (42.6) | 37 (44.6) | 0.009 |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 10 (2.1) | 22 (8.3) | 10 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 26 (5.5) | 26 (9.8) | 8 (9.6) | NS |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 108 (22.9) | 78 (29.4) | 35 (42.2) | 0.001 |
| CI status, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| NCI | 175 (37.2) | 68 (25.6) | 10 (12.0) | |
| CIND mild | 171 (36.3) | 85 (32.1) | 19 (22.9) | |
| CIND moderate | 125 (26.5) | 112 (42.3) | 54 (65.1) |
CA+MTA, cortical atrophy and medial temporal atrophy; CI, cognitive impairment; CIND, cognitive impairment-no dementia; NCI, no cognitive impairment; NS, not significant.