Main findings from the cost-effectiveness studies of rtPA for acute ischaemic stroke
| Study/year/country | Year of cost | Time windows (hours)* | Time horizon | Incremental cost†,‡ | Incremental QALYs‡ | Cost per QALY§ (ICER) | ||
| At year of cost¶ | 2014 US$ | At year of cost¶ | 2014 US$ | |||||
| Te Ao et al 36/2015/New Zealand | 2010 | 4.5 | 1 year | NZ$413 | 302 | 0.06 | 6641 | 5037 |
| Lifetime | NZ$4051 | 2965 | 0.61 | 5093 | 4860 | |||
| Yan et al 33/2015/China | 2008 | 6 | 14 days | US$569 | 626 | 0.04 | 14 231 | 15 652 |
| Boudreau et al 24/2014/USA | 2013 | 3 | Lifetime | (US$25 000) ((US$42 500)- to (US$11 000)) | (25 421) | 0.39 (0.16–0.66) | Dominant | Dominant |
| Pan et al 34/2014/China | 2011 | 4.5 | 1 year | US$1560 | 1642 | 0.056 | 27 852 | 29 315 |
| 30 years | US$1000 | 1052 | 0.422 | 2380 | 2494 | |||
| Boudreau et al 25/2013/USA | 2011 | 3–4.5 | Lifetime | US$1495 (US$4637– to US$6100) | 1573 | 0.24 (0.01–0.60) | 6255 | 6555 |
| Kazley et al 26/2013/USA (SC) | 2010 | 3 | 6 years | (US$3454) | (3751) | 0.425 | Dominant | Dominant |
| Lifetime | (US$4084) | (4435) | 0.692 | Dominant | Dominant | |||
| Tan Tanny et al 31/2013/Australia | 2003–2011 | 4.5 | 1 year | $A55.61 | 40 | 0.04 | 1478 | 991 |
| Tung et al 27/2011/USA | 2010 | 3 to 4.5 | Lifetime | US$6050 | 6570 | 0.28 | 21 978 | 23 465 |
| Johnston28/2010/USA | 2004 | 3 | 30 years | (US$6074) | (7617) | 0.75 | Dominant | Dominant |
| Ehlers et al 37/2007/Denmark | 2004–2005 | 3 | 1 st year | US$3335 | 4042 | 0.06 | 55 591 | 67 370 |
| 2nd year | US$433 | 525 | 0.12 | 3 615 | 4373 | |||
| 3rd year | (US$2093) | (2537) | 0.16 | Dominant | Dominant | |||
| 30 years | (US$16 561) | (20 073) | 0.43 | Dominant | Dominant | |||
| Mar et al 38/2005/Spain | 2001 | 3 | 1 year | Men: (US$7874) Women: (US$10 496) | (10 531) (14 038) | 0.528 0.655 | Dominant | Dominant |
| Moodie et al 32/2004/Australia | 1997 | 3 | Lifetime | (US$1496) | (2 207) | 0.61 DALYs | Dominant | Dominant |
| Sandercock et al 29/2004/UK | NA | 6 | 1 year | £110 ((£441) to £471) | 211 | 0.0081 (−0.0040–0.0183) | 13 581 | 26 018 |
| Lifetime | (£3504) ((£4436) to (£3067)) | (6713) | 0.0363 (−0.0332–0.0848) | Dominant | Dominant | |||
| Chambers et al 30/2002/UK | 1996 | 3 | Lifetime | (£2333) | (4835) | 0.155 | Dominant | Dominant |
| Sinclair et al 35/2001/Canada | 1999 | 3 | Lifetime | ($C3800) | (4085) | 3.46 | Dominant | Dominant |
| Fagan et al 9/1998/USA | 1996 | 3 | 30 years | (US$4255) ((US$13 022) to (US$531)) | (6427) | 0.564 (0.003–0.850) | Dominant | Dominant |
*Timing of patient presentation after onset of ischaemic stroke symptoms.
†Numbers in parenthesis stands for negative sign.
‡All numbers are per patient per time horizon. 95% CIs are shown in the squared bracket.
§When the IV rtPA improves QALYs and reduces cost, it is shown as ‘dominant’. IV rtPA dominates not using IV rtPA. When IV rtPA is cost-effective, ICER is calculated at year of cost.
¶All monetary values in these two columns are consistent.
DALYs, Disability Adjusted Life Year; ICER: incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; IV rtPA, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; QALY, quality-adjusted life year.