HIT positive: in favour of stroke diagnosis with either normal gain, vertical or purely torsional nystagmus or with horizontal, direction changing nystagmus with horizontal gaze positions
| Reference | Year Location | Number of study patients | VN positive h-HIT | Stroke negative h-HIT | Stroke positive h-HIT | False negative stroke MRI | Skew OTR | Direction changing h- nystagmus |
| Newman-Toker et al | 2008 USA | 42 | 8 | 31 | 3 (9%) | 3 | Exclusion criteria | 9 |
| Kattah et al | 2009 USA | 101 | 25 | 62 | 5 | 8 | 15 Stroke 1 VN | 14 |
| Choi et al | 2014 Korea | 34 | Not Reported | 33 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
| Batuecas et al | 2014 Spain | 91 | 83 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| Chen et al* | 2014 Australia | 24 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 6 1 VN | 4 |
| Kerber et al | 2015 USA | 272 | 78 | 20 | 4 | 1 | Included in HINTS Positive 12/79 | Included in HINTS Positive 17 |
| Carmona et al | 2016 Argentina, Spain, Portugal, Israel | 114 | 72 | 32 | 7 (All AICA) | 0 | 27/114 4 VN | 24/42 |
HIT, head impulse test; OTR, ocular tilt reaction; VN, vestibular neuritis.