The comparison of different levels of dysphagia in stroke patients by WST and V-VST
| WST (n=79) | V-VST (n=59) | ||||||||
| Level II (n=26) | Level III-IV (n=22) | Level V (n=23) | Unclear (n=8) | P values | Only safety impaired (n=20) | Only efficacy impaired (n=10) | Safety and efficacy impaired (n=29) | P values | |
| Age, years old, mean+SD | 63.69±11.45 | 65.05±12.72 | 66.70±12.75 | 65.38±16.65 | 0.856 | 67.25±11.24 | 67.00±15.54 | 65.14±12.84 | 0.076 |
| Gender, males, % | 18 (69.23) | 14 (63.64) | 18 (78.26) | 4 (50.00) | 0.471 | 17 (85.00) | 5 (50.00) | 16 (55.17) | 0.058 |
| Onset to admission, days, mean+SD | 1.88±2.57 | 4.00±3.48 | 2.17±2.46 | 2.639.±1.85 | 0.051 | 2.40±2.72 | 2.40±2.27 | 3.10±4.69 | 3.049 |
| LOS, days, mean+SD | 10.96±5.55 | 10.23±3.72 | 17.30±14.16 | 19.75±10.94 | 0.002 | 11.35±5.05 | 19.50±19.30 | 15.31±9.45 | 0.197 |
| LOS in the ICU, days | 2.92±4.88 | 1.43±2.81 | 2.65±4.05 | 3.75±3.88 | 0.206 | 1.92±3.09 | 4.55±4.57 | 2.45±3.94 | 3.653 |
| Tube feeding | 3 (11.54) | 1 (4.55) | 14 (60.87) | 6 (75.00) | <0.001 | 4 (20.00) | 5 (50.00) | 15 (51.72) | 0.173 |
| Stroke subtype | 0.693 | 0.859 | |||||||
| Intracranial haemorrhage (n, %) | 5 (19.23) | 2 (9.09) | 4 (17.39) | 2 (25.00) | 3 (15.00) | 9 (90.00) | 5 (17.24) | ||
| Ischaemic stroke (n, %) | 21 (80.77) | 20 (90.90) | 19 (82.61) | 6 (75.00) | 17 (85.00) | 1 (10.00) | 24 (82.76) | ||
| OCSP | 0.439 | 0.120 | |||||||
| Lacuna (n, %) | 2 (7.69) | 1 (4.55) | / | / | / | / | / | ||
| Partial anterior circulation (n, %) | 18 (69.23) | 14 (63.64) | 13 (56.52) | 6 (75.00) | 16 (80.00) | 6 (60.00) | 18 (62.07) | ||
| Posterior circulation (n, %) | 1 (3.84) | 5 (22.73) | 7 (30.43) | 1 (12.50) | 2 (100.00) | 1 (10.00) | 9 (31.03) | ||
| Total anterior circulation (n, %) | 5 (9.23) | 2 (9.09) | 3 (13.04) | 1 (12.50) | 2 (100.00) | 3 (30.00) | 2 (6.90) | ||
ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; OCSP, Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; V-VST, volume–viscosity swallow test; WST, water swallow test.