Heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis analysis of risk factors among included studies
| Risk factors | Number of studies | HT | Non-HT | Statistic method | I2 | Pooled effect size | Sensitivity analysis | |
| 95% CI | Lower limit | Upper limit | ||||||
| Demographic factors | ||||||||
| Age | 14 | 248 | 2300 | I-V, fixed, WMD | 47 | 3.46 (2.26 to 4.66) | 2.86 (1.60 to 4.12) | 3.98 (2.68 to 5.28) |
| Male | 14 | 248 | 2300 | M-H, fixed, COR | 0 | 0.95 (0.76 to 1.18) | 0.78 (0.29 to 2.13) | 1.43 (0.45 to 5.88) |
| Vascular risk factors | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 14 | 248 | 2300 | M-H, fixed, COR | 0 | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.30) | 0.71 (0.22 to 2.30) | 1.57 (0.69 to 3.57) |
| Diabetes | 14 | 248 | 2300 | M-H, fixed, COR | 13 | 1.18 (0.87 to 1.61) | 0.59 (0.07 to 5.20) | 2.79 (1.08 to 7.22) |
| Hyperlipaemia | 6 | 96 | 650 | M-H, fixed, COR | 0 | 1.10 (0.63 to 1.90) | 1.03 (0.43 to 2.48) | 1.36 (0.29 to 6.42) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 12 | 176 | 1200 | M-H, fixed, MOR | 28 | 2.66 (1.85 to 3.81) | 2.39 (1.65 to 3.46) | 3.02 (2.05 to 4.45) |
| Previous stroke | 11 | 142 | 790 | M-H, fixed, COR | 14 | 1.68 (1.08 to 2.60) | 1.49 (0.92 to 2.41) | 1.97 (1.21 to 3.23) |
| Smoking | 9 | 142 | 1040 | M-H, fixed, COR | 0 | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.50) | 0.46 (0.05 to 4.21) | 1.43 (0.59 to 3.48) |
| Other risk factors | ||||||||
| Previous antiplatelet | 9 | 188 | 1879 | M-H, fixed, MOR | 0 | 1.67 (1.17 to 2.38) | 1.52 (1.04 to 2.22) | 1.91 (1.24 to 2.97) |
| NIHSS | 8 | 139 | 1040 | I-V, random, AOR | 36 | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.15) | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.14) | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.18) |
| Systolic pressure | 12 | 220 | 2079 | I-V, fixed, WMD | 42 | 4.75 (2.50 to 7.00) | 3.28 (0.77 to 5.78) | 6.10 (3.55 to 8.66) |
| Diastolic pressure | 11 | 207 | 1916 | I-V, fixed, WMD | 35 | 2.67 (1.08 to 4.26) | 2.17 (0.51 to 3.82) | 3.34 (1.43 to 5.26) |
| Serum glucose | 10 | 204 | 2058 | I-V, random, WMD | 83 | 1.11 (0.07 to 2.16) | 0.77(−0.19 to 1.73) | 1.43 (0.62 to 2.26) |
| Serum glucose* | 9 | 192 | 2001 | I-V, random, WMD | 66 | 1.44 (0.62 to 2.26) | 1.01 (0.38 to 1.61) | 1.66 (0.81 to 2.51) |
*Effect size was calculated by excluding one single study.
AOR, adjusted OR; COR, crude OR; HT, haemorrhagic transformation; I-V, inverse variance; M-H, Mantel-Haenszel; MOR, mixed OR; NIHSS, National Institute of Health stroke scale; WMD, weighted mean difference.