PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Mark R Etherton
AU  - Ona Wu
AU  - Pedro Cougo
AU  - Svetlana Lorenzano
AU  - Hua Li
AU  - Lisa Cloonan
AU  - Mark J R J Bouts
AU  - Arne Lauer
AU  - Ken Arai
AU  - Eng H Lo
AU  - Steve K Feske
AU  - Karen L Furie
AU  - Natalia S Rost
TI  - Sex-specific differences in white matter microvascular integrity after ischaemic stroke
AID  - 10.1136/svn-2019-000268
DP  - 2019 Sep 03
TA  - Stroke and Vascular Neurology
PG  - svn-2019-000268
4099  - http://svn.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/03/svn-2019-000268.short
4100  - http://svn.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/03/svn-2019-000268.full
AB  - Background and purpose Functional outcomes after ischaemic stroke are worse in women, despite adjusting for differences in comorbidities and treatment approaches. White matter microvascular integrity represents one risk factor for poor long-term functional outcomes after ischaemic stroke. The aim of the study is to characterise sex-specific differences in microvascular integrity in individuals with acute ischaemic stroke.Methods A retrospective analysis of subjects with acute ischaemic stroke and brain MRI with diffusion-weighted (DWI) and dynamic-susceptibility contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion-weighted imaging obtained within 9 hours of last known well was performed. In the hemisphere contralateral to the acute infarct, normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) microvascular integrity was measured using the K2 coefficient and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Regression analyses for predictors of K2 coefficient, DWI volume and good outcome (90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) score <2) were performed.Results 105 men and 79 women met inclusion criteria for analysis. Despite no difference in age, women had increased NAWM K2 coefficient (1027.4 vs 692.7×10–6/s; p=0.006). In women, atrial fibrillation (β=583.6; p=0.04) and increasing NAWM ADC (β=4.4; p=0.02) were associated with increased NAWM K2 coefficient. In multivariable regression analysis, the K2 coefficient was an independent predictor of DWI volume in women (β=0.007; p=0.01) but not men.Conclusions In women with acute ischaemic stroke, increased NAWM K2 coefficient is associated with increased infarct volume and chronic white matter structural integrity. Prospective studies investigating sex-specific differences in white matter microvascular integrity are needed.