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Original article
Flow diversion covering the M1 origin as a last resort
  1. Li-Mei Lin1,
  2. Matthew T Bender2,
  3. Geoffrey P Colby3,
  4. Bowen Jiang2,
  5. Jessica K Campos1,2,
  6. David A Zarrin2,
  7. Robert W C Young2,
  8. Risheng Xu2,
  9. Justin M Caplan2,
  10. Judy Huang2,
  11. Rafael J Tamargo2,
  12. Alexander L Coon2
  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
  2. 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
  3. 3 Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
  1. Correspondence to Dr Alexander L Coon; dralexandercoon{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction Internal carotid artery termination (ICAT) and proximal A1 aneurysms can be challenging for open surgical clipping or endovascular coiling. Treatment with flow diversion covering the middle cerebral artery (MCA), an end vessel supplying a terminal circulation, has not been reported.

Methods A prospective, Institutional Review Board-approved database was analysed for patients with pipeline embolisation device (PED) placement from the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) to the ICA during cerebral aneurysm treatment.

Results Nine cases were identified, including five proximal A1, three posterior communicating artery and one ICAT aneurysm locations. Average aneurysm size was 8.3 mm (range 3–17), with 67% saccular and 78% right-sided. Primary indication for treatment was significant dome irregularity (44%), recurrence or enlargement (33%), underlying collagen vascular disorder (11%) and traumatic pseudoaneurysm (11%). Preservation of the ipsilateral ACA (with PED placed in A1) was performed when the anterior communicating artery (67%) or contralateral A1 (33%) were absent on angiography. Adjunctive coiling was done in four cases (44%). There was one major stroke leading to mortality (11%) and one minor stroke (11%). Clinical follow-up was 27 months on average. Follow-up digital subtraction angiography (average interval 15 months) showed complete aneurysm obliteration (88%) or dome occlusion with entry remnant (12%). The jailed MCA showed minimal or mild delay (primarily anterograde flow) in 75% of cases and significant delay (reliance primarily on ACA and external carotid artery collaterals) in 25%.

Conclusions Covering the MCA with a flow diverting stent should be reserved for select rare cases. Strict attention to blood pressure augmentation during the periprocedural period is necessary to minimise potential ischaemic compromise.

  • coil
  • flow diverter
  • aneurysm
  • technique
  • intervention

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2018-000204

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors All authors contributed significantly to conception, data acquisition and analysis; all drafted and revised manuscript contents and approved the final version of the manuscript.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Disclaimer No author received financial support in conjunction with the generation of this submission.

    • Competing interests ALC is a consultant for InNeuroCo, a consultant and proctor for Medtronic Neurovascular, MicroVention-Terumo and Stryker Neurovascular. L-ML is a proctor for Medtronic Neurovascular, consultant for Stryker Neurovascular and Cerenovus. GPC is a consultant for Stryker Neurovascular. The other authors have no conflict of interest.

    • Ethics approval Johns Hopkins Institutional Review Board.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data sharing statement There are no additional unpublished data from this study. The relevant anonymised patient level data are available on reasonable request from the authors.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.