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Original research
Different aspects of cognitive function in adult patients with moyamoya disease and its clinical subtypes
  1. Zhiyong Shi1,
  2. Yu-Jie Wen2,3,
  3. Zheng Huang4,
  4. Le-Bao Yu1,
  5. Dong Zhang1
  1. 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
  2. 2 The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
  3. 3 Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
  4. 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
  1. Correspondence to Dr Dong Zhang; zhangdong0660{at}aliyun.com

Abstract

Objective Although a few reports suggested that cognitive function impairment could be found in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD), there were still many aspects that are unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the cognitive function of adult patients with MMD and its clinical subtypes.

Methods 49 patients with MMD and 23 healthy controls were asked to take cognitive function tests. Cognitive function tests included IQ, prospective memory (PM), immediate memory (IM), verbal fluency (VF), visual breadth, attention, retrospective memory (RM), Stroop test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail-Making Test Part A (TMT-A) and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Independent t-analysis, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation were used to seek for differences between subgroups and the correlation between cognitive variables.

Results Compared with healthy controls, adult patients with MMD had a comprehensive cognitive impairment, including IQ, PM, VF, attention, RM, Stroop, CPT and TMT-A, with more serious impairment in PM and attention. PM and RM were separated, indicating that they were independent of each other. Pattern of attention was significantly different from healthy controls. Female patients were better than male patients, where significant differences in PM, IM, Stroop and WCST could be found. The haemorrhagic patients exhibited poorer in the dimension of PM and RM than the ischaemic. The headache subtype exhibited poorer than healthy controls. PM, RM, attention and executive function were moderately correlated with each other.

Conclusions Adult patients with MMD had a wide range of cognitive impairment with more serious impairment in memory and attention. Differences in cognitive function existed between the different subtypes of adult MMD.

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  • brain
  • haemorrhage
  • stroke
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2019-000309

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    Footnotes

    • Contributors ZS: first author; design and conceptualisation the study, analysis of the data and drafting of the manuscript for intellectual content. Y-JW: cofirst author; data collection and analysis, drafting and revision of manuscript. DZ: corresponding author; drafting and revision for intellectual content (appendix 2). L-BY, coinvestigator, director of coordinating centre; led and coordinated communication among participants. ZH, coinvestigator and site investigator; reviewed all protocols and statistical deviations.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Patient consent for publication Not required.

    • Ethics approval This study was approved by the ethics committee of Tiantan Hospital.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

    • Data availability statement All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information. All data in my research would be uploaded in my original article and would be available for the editors. Anyone who needed this supplementary materials could contact with Dr Zhiyong Shi (szy1195156829@aliyun.com).