2018 ESVS Guidelines: clinical/Imaging features associated with an increased risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis treated medically28
| Clinical | History of contralateral TIA or stroke |
| CT/MRI | ipsilateral ‘silent’ infarction |
| Ultrasound | Stenosis progression>20%; spontaneous embolisation on TCD; impaired cerebral vascular reserve; large volume plaques (>80 mm2); predominantly echolucent plaques; large juxta-luminal black area (>8 mm2) |
| MRI | Intraplaque haemorrhage |
ESVS, European Society for Vascular Surgery; TCD, transcranial Doppler ultrasound; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.