The efficacy and safety of low-dose tPA treatment in acute stroke
| Author | Year | Design | Sample Size | Racial | Age mean±SD, median (IQR) | Baseline NIHSS mean±SD, median (IQR) | Time window (hour) | Dosage (mg/kg) | FO | sICH (%) | Mortality | Level of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderson | 2016 | RCT | 1654 | 1043/1651 Asian | 68 (58–76) | 8 (5–14) | 4.5 | 0.6 | 46.8 | 5.9 | 53.2 | A |
| Morihara | 2016 | Retrospectively | 121 | Japanese | 74.6±10.3 | 11 (6–18) | 3 | 0.6 | 36.0 | 2.5 | 6.9 | C |
| 56 | Japanese | 75.7±11.7 | 12 (6.75–18) | 3–4.5 | 0.6 | 23.4 | 3.6 | 8.3 | C | |||
| Kim | 2015 | Retrospective | 450 | Korean | 69.0±12.7 | 13.9±7.0; 15 (8–19) | 4.5 | 0.6 | 32.4 | 8.4 | 12.7 | C |
| Liao | 2014 | Registry | 75 | Chinese | 62 (52–71) | 10 (7–17) | 4.5 | 0.5–0.7 | 41.9 | 0 | 5.4 | B |
| 131 | 68 (57–73) | 10 (6–15) | 0.7–0.85 | 48.0 | 8.7 | 8.66 | ||||||
| Pan | 2013 | Observational | 31 | Chinese | 63.8±9.3 | 8.7±4.6 | 3 | <0.75 | 51.5 | 3 | 3.2 | C |
| 33 | 64.5±7.7 | 9.2±5.0 | 3 | 0.75–0.90 | 61.2 | 9.7 | 3 | |||||
| Chen | 2012 | Registry | 105 | Taiwan | 67.9±12.8 | 13.3±6.2 | 3 | 0.7 (0.66–0.74) | 41.1 | 4.8 | 7.6 | B |
| Zhou | 2010 | Observational | 23 | Chinese | 69.8±8.6 | 12.6±6.8 | 4.5 | 0.6–0.7 | 34.8 | 4.3 | 17.4 | C |
| 31 | 72.9±8.7 | 12.7±5.0 | 4.5 | 0.8 | 38.7 | 3.2 | 16.1 | |||||
| Chao | 2010 | Retrospective | 116 | Taiwan | 66.7±13.3 | 14.9±6.0 | 3 | 0.72±0.07 | 39.3 | 5.4 | 10 | C |
| Nguyen | 2010 | Prospective | 48 | Vietnamese | 57 (18–78) | 12 (5–23) | 3 | 0.62 (0.6–0.86) | 56.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | B |
| Sharma | 2010 | Retrospective | 48 | Multiethnic in Asian | 55±12 | 12 (10) | 3 | 0.9, maximum 50mg | 0.35 | 0.058 | 0.1 | C |
| Nakagawara | 2010 | Observational | 7492 | Japanese | 72 (65–79) | 15 (9–20) | 3 | 0.6 | 0.33 | 0.044 | 13.2 | B |
| Mori | 2010 | Observational | 58 | Japanese | 70.3±11.5 | 12 (5–22) | 3 | 0.6 | 0.466 | 0 | 1.7 | C |
| Yamaguchi | 2006 | Prospective | 103 | Japanese | 70.9±9.8 | 15 (5–30) | 3 | 0.6 | 36.9 | 5.8 | 0.097 | B |
| Haley | 1992 | Pilot | 8 | 1/8 black | 74 (72–76) | 14.5 (9–17) | 3 | 0.6 | NA | 12.5 | 25 | C |
| 6 | 1/6 Asian | 71 (67–75) | 23.5 (23–24) | 3 | 0.85 | 33.3 | 50 | |||||
| 6 | 2/5 black | 66.5 (66–67) | 18 (12–22) | 3 | 0.95 | 37.5 | 16.7 | |||||
Level of evidence was assessed according to American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) criteria.
FO, favourable outcome at 3 months follow-up; NA, not available; NIHSS, National Institution of Health Stroke Scale; RCT, randomised controlled trial; sICH, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, refer to National Institute of Neurological Disorders And Stroke Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke Study (NINDS) criteria; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.