Table 1

Summary of model structure and main data sources used in the cost-effectiveness studies of rtPA for acute ischaemic stroke

Study/Year/ Country	Perspective	Intervention	Modelling method	Economic data		Clinical data
Study/Year/ Country	Perspective	Intervention	Modelling method	Data collection/ Analyses	Previous literature	Data collection/ Analyses	Previous literature
Te Ao et al 36/2015/New Zealand	Health funder perspective	IV rtPA use within 4.5 hours after onset	Simulation model (TreeAge, Excel)	No	Yes	Yes ARCOS III	Yes
Yan et al 33/2015/China	Chinese public health system perspective	IV rtPA use within 6 hours after onset	Decision tree	Yes	No	Yes	No
Boudreau et al 24/2014/USA	US payers’ perspective	IV rtPA use within 3 hours after onset	Decision tree, and Markov model (Excel)	Yes (rtPA cost) Analy$ource	Yes	No	Yes
Pan et al 34/2014/China	Healthcare payers’ perspective	IV rtPA use within 4.5 hours after onset	Decision tree and Markov model	Yes CNSR, CHSY TIMS-China	No	Yes TIMS-China	Yes
Boudreau et al 25/2013/USA	Payers’ perspective	IV rtPA use within 3–4.5 hours after onset	Decision tree, and Markov model (Excel)	Yes Medicare reimbursement	Yes	No	Yes
Kazley et al 26/2013/USA (SC)	Societal perspective	IV rtPA use within 3 hours after onset	Markov model	Yes Hospital billing, HCUP	No	No	Yes
Tan Tanny et al 31/2013/Australia	Societal and healthcare perspective	IV rtPA use within 4.5 hours after onset	Decision analytic model (Excel), and Monte Carlo simulation	Yes Royal Melbourne Hospital	Yes	Yes Royal Melbourne Hospital	Yes
Tung et al 27/2011/USA	Societal perspective	IV rtPA use within 3–4.5 hours after onset	A decision-analytic model (TreeAge)	No	Yes	No	Yes
Johnston28/2010/USA	NA	IV rtPA use within 3 hours after onset	NA	No	Yes	No	Yes
Ehlers et al 37/2007/Denmark	NA	IV rtPA use within 3 hours with 24 hours in house neurology coverage andMRI	Decision tree with Markov model (TreeAge)	Yes Aarhus Hospital and Hvidovre Hospital data	Yes	Yes Aarhus Stroke Register, Death Register	Yes
Mar et al 38/2005/Spain	Societal perspective	IV rtPA use within 3 hours after onset	Monte Carlo simulation (4000, no modelling)	Yes Sakontzen questionnaire and social service experts	Yes	Yes Survey from hospitals in the province of Gipuzkoa	Yes
Moodie et al 32/2004/Australia	Healthcare perspective	IV rtPA use within 3 hours after onset	MORUCOS	Yes NEMESIS	No	Yes NEMESIS	No
Sandercock et al 29/2004/UK	Healthcare and personal social services perspective	IV rtPA use within 6 hours after onset	Decision analysis model (TreeAge)	Yes Western General Hospital, Edinburgh	Yes	No	Yes
Chambers et al 30/2002/UK	Healthcare and social care perspective	IV rtPA use within 3 hours after onset	Stroke Outcome Model (TreeAge, Excel)	Yes Clinicians’ panels	Yes	No	Yes
Sinclair et al 35/2001/Canada	Healthcare system perspective	IV rtPA use within 3 hours after onset	Decision analytic model (TreeAge), and Markov model	Yes Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre	Yes	No	Yes
Fagan et al 9/1998/USA	Healthcare system perspective	IV rtPA use within 3 hours after onset	Markov model	Yes (rtPA cost) Seven Detroit area hospitals	Yes	No	Yes

ARCOS III, Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study.
CNSR, China National Stroke Registry.
CHSY, China Health Statistics Yearbook.
HCUP, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.
IV rtPA, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; NA, not applicable.
MORUCOS, Model of Resource Utilization, Costs, and Outcomes for Stroke.
NEMESIS, North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study.
TIMS-China study, Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of acute ischaemic Stroke in China study.